presence of distributed generation (dg) in electric distribution systems provides an attractive new alternative in capacity expansion planning of these systems. in this paper a new model is developed for solving simultaneous placement of hv/mv substations and dg units as a static planning tool. this model aims to minimize fixed and variable costs of planning. constraints related to dgs, substat...

بإنتهاء الحرب العالمية الأولى عام 1918 م ، تكون بريطانيا قد خرجت من منتصرة إلا أنها كانت تعاني أزمة اقتصادية ومالية صعبة للغاية وجيش مُتعَب يحتاج إلى إعادة تأهيل . وقوات بحرية شبه مُدَمرة وفقدت ثلثي سفنها ومُعداتها ومدن مُهدمة وطرق وجسور خَرِبة وعلى الرغم ذلك فقد بسطت سيطرتها على مستعمراتها في القارة الهندية والخليج العربي وبلاد فارس والعراق وفلسطين وشرق الأردن وعدن ومضيق باب المندب وأجزاء الصومال والب...

By considering the notion of MV-algebras, we recall some results on enumeration of MV-algebras and wecarry out a study on characterization of MV-algebras of orders $2$, $3$, $4$, $5$, $6$ and $7$. We obtain that there is one non-isomorphic MV-algebra of orders $2$, $3$, $5$ and $7$ and two non-isomorphic MV-algebras of orders $4$ and $6$.

An MV-convergence is a convergence on an MV-algebra which renders the operations continuous. We show that such convergences on a given MV-algebra A are exactly the restrictions of the bounded `-convergences on the abelian `-group in which A appears as the unit interval. Thus the theory of `-convergence and Cauchy structures transfers to MV-algebras. We outline the general theory, and then apply...

We derive empirical tests for the mean-variance efficiency of a given portfolio. The tests can be computed using straightforward linear programming, and they give substantial flexibility in modeling the investment possibilities. Using this test, we can reject the hypothesis that the S&P 500 index is mean-variance efficient relative to the 25 Fama and French (1993) equity portfolios. Mean-varian...

An MV-pair is a pair (B, G), where B is a Boolean algebra and G is a subgroup of the automorphism group of B satisfying certain condition. Recently it was proved by one of the authors that for an MV-pair (B, G), ∼G is an effect-algebraic congruence and B/ ∼G is an MV-algebra. Moreover, every MV-algebra M can be represented by an MV-pair in this way. In this paper we show that one can define a s...

We introduce a generalization of MV algebras motivated by the investigations into the structure of quantum logical gates. After laying down the foundations of the structure theory for such quasi-MV algebras, we show that every quasi-MV algebra is embeddable into the direct product of an MV algebra and a "‡at" quasi-MV algebra, and prove a completeness result w.r.t. a standard quasi-MV algebra o...