The rare earth elements (REE) are a group of fifteen elements with unique properties that make them indispensable for a wide variety of emerging, critical technologies. Knowledge of the life cycles of REE remains sparse, despite the current heightened interest in their future availability. Mining is heavily concentrated in China, whose monopoly position and potential restriction of exports rend...

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic esophageal disease, first described in 1993, with a steadily increasing incidence and prevalence in western countries. Over the 80's and early 90's, dense esophageal eosinophilia was mostly associated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). For the next 15 years, EoE and GERD were rigidly considered separate entities: Esophageal eosinophilia...

Achievement of steady state during indirect calorimetry measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE) is necessary to reduce error and ensure accuracy in the measurement. Steady state is often defined as 5 consecutive min (5-min SS) during which oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production vary by +/-10%. These criteria, however, are stringent and often difficult to satisfy. This study a...

The principal objective of the current study was to elucidate the potential influence of acid mine drainage (AMD) pond on neighboring farmer's wells in the Podwiśniówka area (south-central Poland), using North American Shale Composite (NASC)-normalized rare earth element (REE) concentration profiles. The well waters generally displayed a distinctly positive Eu anomaly similar to that of parent ...

BACKGROUND When indirect calorimetry is not available, predictive equations are used to estimate resing energy expenditure (REE). There is no consensus about which equation to use in hospitalized patients. The objective of this study is to examine the validity of REE predictive equations for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese inpatients and outpatients by comparison with indirect...

Increases in resting energy expenditure (REE) likely contribute to weight loss in various chronic diseases. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), relationships between the ventilatory impairment and increased REE, and between disturbances in adipokines and weight loss were previously described. Therefore, we investigated serum levels and adipose tissue expression of leptin and adipon...

BACKGROUND & AIMS To evaluate the agreement between resting energy expenditure (REE) estimated by a portable armband and measured by indirect calorimetry. METHODS One-hundred and twenty-seven women and 42 men with a mean (SD) age of 44 (12) years and a body mass index of 30.2 (5.4) kg/m(2) were studied. REE was estimated using the Sense Wear Pro 2 Armband (SWA), measured using the Sensor Medi...

The rational expectations equilibrium (REE), as introduced in Radner (1979) in a general equilibrium setting à la Arrow-Debreu-Mckenzie, often fails to have normative properties such as universal existence, incentive compatibility and efficiency. We resolve those problems by providing a new model which makes the standard REE a desirable solution concept. In particular, we consider an asymmetric...

This study developed a methodology to analyze trace rare earth elements (REEs) in geological materials by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Changed from dilute HNO3 into a water medium by heating, REE ions are detectable at approximately 2 ng mL(-1). In the presence of coexisting elements from geological samples, REE separations were carried out. After sample fusion with Na2O2 and interference se...

Pulverized limonite ore from a Pleistocene–Quaternary lake deposit and compact limonite ore from the Olistostrome member of the Javorik fl ysch formation, in the Southern Tomašica iron ore deposit, were investigated and compared with different types of siderite and ankerite, limestone and carbonate shale from the same location in order to determine their possible protolith. Two limonite types d...