background : propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol, pg) is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, as well as topical pharmaceutical preparations. while pg is generally considered to be safe, it has been known that large intravenous doses given over a short period of time can be toxic. objective: to evaluate the effect of pg in sepsis induced by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (lp...

Introduction: Leukemia is considered one of the main causes of death, and current chemotherapeutic agents are unable to provide optimal responses due to chemo-resistance. Therefore, there is a constant need for new drugs. Cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) inhibitors can be helpful by reducing the necessary dose of routine chemotherapeutic drugs. Herein, we evaluated the cytotoxicity activity as well...

Introduction: Evidence suggests that neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases is correlated with inflammatory reactions. The beneficial or detrimental role of apoptosis in neuroinflammation is unclear. Elucidating this question may be helpful in management of neurodegenerative diseases. Since TNF-α is able to induce apoptosis as well as increased viability of the cells by activation ...

Background and objectives: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibition results in an increase in apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that NF-κB subunit p65 phosphorylation at the IκB kinase phosphorylation site serine 536 (Ser536) is essential for the NF-κB nuclear translocation and activation. Therefore, NF-κB can be downregulated by suppressing its phosph...

Objective: Atorvastatin has the pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammation and antioxidant. Therefore, this study considered to examine the effects of atorvastatin on NF-қB expression, as a main transcription factor for expression of inflammatory cytokines, in hyperglycemia-induced nephropathy in rat. Materials and Methods: Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four g...

Using Hartree-Fock Su-Sheriffer-Heeger (HF-SSH) model, we have studied the dependence of the energies of the ground (magnetic triplet state) and the first exited (nonmagnetic singlet state) states of the size-2 trigonal zigzag graphene nanoflake (size-2 NF) on the intensity of an external in plane static electric field at zero temperature. We identify a transition from the magnetic triplet stat...

Objective(s): High-glucose (HG) stress, a mimic of diabetes mellitus (DM) in culture cells, alters expression of a large number of genes including Wnt and NF-κB signaling-related genes; however, the role of Wnt signaling during HG-mediated fibroblast damage and the relationship between Wnt and NF-κB signaling have not been understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ffects of Wnt sig...