We review the properties of carbon-sequence ([WC]) Wolf-Rayet central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe). Differences between the subtype distribution of [WC] stars and their massive WC cousins are discussed. We conclude that [WO]-type differ from early-type [WC] stars as a result of weaker stellar winds due to high surface gravities, and that lateand early-type [WC] and [WO] stars generally sp...

BACKGROUND Waist circumference (WC) is a sensitive marker for abdominal obesity in the pediatric age group. However, WC is influenced by age, sex, ethnicity and body mass index (BMI), causing difficulties in the selection of the most appropriate cut-off value. Considering the lack of reference values in Germany, we developed age- and gender-specific WC smoothed reference curves in German childr...

The sintering of hardmetal in the solid state is studied. The influence of the WC particle size on the sintering kinetics, the role of the binder phase in the densification process and how sintering depends on the heating conditions are investigated. It is observed that alloys with different WC particle size show quite different structural evolution during sintering, although the densification ...

Brain edema is suggested to be the principal mechanism underlying the symptoms in acute hyponatremia. Identification of the mechanisms responsible for global and regional cerebral water homeostasis during hyponatremia is, therefore, of utmost importance. To examine the osmotic behavior of different brain regions and muscles, in vivo-determined water content (WC) was related to plasma sodium con...

BACKGROUND Waist circumference (WC) is used to indirectly measure abdominal adipose tissue and the associated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because of its easy implementation and low cost, self-measured WC is commonly used as a screening tool. However, discrepancies between self-measured and objectively measured WC may result in misclassification of i...

Background and Purpose—Body mass index is most commonly used as the obesity index. Recently, waist circumference (WC) has been shown to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no studies have observed an association between WC and CVD in Japan. We examined the relationships of WC and body mass index with CVD in a Japanese urban population. Methods—We studied 5474 J...

This study aimed to determine valid waist circumference (WC) thresholds using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for pediatric metabolic syndrome (MS) prediction and to compare validities between the thresholds derived from ROC curves and the WC cut-offs defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Four hundred and sixty four males and 415 females, 10-18 years, who participat...

BACKGROUND Waist circumference (WC) adjusted for body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with mortality, but the association with changes in WC is less clear. We investigated the association between changes in WC and mortality in middle-aged men and women, and evaluated the influence from concurrent changes in BMI. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Data on 26,625 healthy men and women fro...

BACKGROUND Being overweight or obese increases risk for cardiometabolic disorders. Although both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) measure the level of overweight and obesity, WC may be more important because of its closer relationship to total body fat. Because WC is typically not assessed in clinical practice, this study sought to develop and verify a model to predict WC from...