Sambucus nigra agglutinin I (SNA-I) is a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to mimic the conversion of the highly active B-chain of fruit-specific SNA (SNA-If) into the completely inactive B-chain of the closely related and naturally occurring loss-of-activity mutant called S. nigra agglutinin lectin-related protein. In the first mutant SNA-If-M1 the high-a...

تحلیل وضعیت ترافیکی و پیشنهاد روش‌های مدیریت جریان ترافیک نقش اساسی در ارزیابی عملکرد بسیاری از سیستم‌های حمل‌ونقلی ایفا می‌کند. بین جمع‌آوری داده‌های ترافیکی، رویکردهای مبتنی‌بر فنّاوری‌های نوین که امکان گرد‌آوری حجم پویای زمانی‌ـ مکانی را فراهم می‌آورند استخراج روندها الگوها تسهیل می‌کنند اهمیت دارند. این پژوهش، تهران به‌منزلة پایتخت ایران، با ویژگی‌های اقتصادی اجتماعی خاصی دارد تنوع سفرها به ...

Since its announcement in 1974, Systems Network Architecture (SNA) has evolved in terms of its functional content, configurational flexibility, and network management services. This paper briefly traces this progress to the present and examines the more recent advances in greater detail. It then discusses known requirements for enhanced application and transaction services, for additional provi...

Elevated NaCl concentrations of the cerebrospinal fluid increase sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in salt-sensitive hypertension. Neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play a pivotal role in the regulation of SNA and receive mono- or polysynaptic inputs from several hypothalamic structures responsive to hypernatremia. Therefore, the present study investigated the contribution of R...

Hypertonic NaCl infused into the carotid arteries increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and changes sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) via cerebral mechanisms. We hypothesized that elevated sodium levels in the blood supply to the brain would induce differential responses in renal and cardiac SNA via sensors located outside the blood-brain barrier. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured ren...

Angiotensin II (ANG II) has complex actions on the cardiovascular system. ANG II may act to increase sympathetic vasomotor outflow, but acutely the sympathoexcitatory actions of exogenous ANG II may be opposed by ANG II-induced increases in arterial pressure (AP), evoking baroreceptor-mediated decreases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). To examine this hypothesis, the effect of ANG II infusi...

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Social network analysis (SNA) is a framework used to study the structure of societies. As an umbrella term that encompasses various tools of graph theory and mathematical models to visualize networks, SNA allows researchers to detect and quantify patterns in social networks. Within SNA, individuals are not independent, but are symbiotic or linked with one another in a network. Given its powerfu...