toxicity of which on biological wastewater processes, humans, and the environment has been proven in various studies. in this study, the half maximal effective concentration (ec 50 ) of growth inhibition of cadmium, lead, and mercury was assessed on dominant bacterial species present in sequencing batch reactors (sbr). methods: biomass sample was obtained from the biological unit of the sbr est...

nitrate is one of the pollutants of groundwater and the great amount of nitrate in drinking water can bring about some hygienic problems such as methemoglobinema phenomena in children. therefore, this research aims to study the efficiency of photo- fenton in removing nitrate and investigating the variables affecting it in aqueous solutions. this research was carried out in water and wastewater ...

Measurements from microarrays and other high-throughput technologies are susceptible to non-biological artifacts like batch effects. It is known that batch effects can alter or obscure the set of significant results and biological conclusions in high-throughput studies. Here we examine the impact of batch effects on predictors built from genomic technologies. To investigate batch effects, we co...

A batch process is a discontinuous and concurrent process which is suitable for multi-product, small-sized production. The distinctive feature of a batch process is that various decision making processes, such as scheduling, design, operation, etc. are strongly connected with each other. Interaction among these processes is necessary to dynamically and flexibly cope with a variety of unplanned ...

A marked enhancement in the production of cell-bound phytase in Pichia anomala was achieved in cyclic fed batch fermentation (47333 UL -1 ) in comparison with that in batch (11569 UL -1 ) and fixed volume fed batch (36911 UL -1 ) fermentations in cane molasses medium. Phytase productivity was sustainable in cyclic fed batch fermentation over seven days, and therefore, this mode of fed batch fer...

To monitor a batch process, which is dynamic in nature, it is necessary to consider the time varying relationship of its variables throughout the entire run. MPCA models built with batch wise unfolded data have been used extensively for batch process monitoring, these methods will not only consider the known samples to asses the ongoing batch run, but will also consider a dynamic forecast of th...

This paper presents a new measurement-based optimization framework for batch processes whereby optimal operation can be achieved via the tracking of active constraints. It is shown that, under mild assumptions and to a first-order approximation, tracking the necessary conditions of optimality is equivalent to tracking active constraints (both during the batch and at the end of the batch). Thus ...

Dynamics are inherent characteristics of batch processes, and they may exist not only within a particular batch, but also from batch to batch. To model and monitor such two-dimensional (2D) batch dynamics, two-dimensional dynamic principal component analysis (2D-DPCA) has been developed. However, the original 2D-DPCA calculates the monitoring control limits based on the multivariate Gaussian di...