The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of surgical hand rubbing (SHR) with the efficacy of surgical hand scrubbing (SHS), and to determine the costs of both techniques for surgical hand disinfection. A review of studies reported in the literature that compared the efficacy of SHS and SHR was performed using MEDLINE. The costs of SHR and SHS were estimated based on standard hospital c...

The inherited nephron deficit and progressive albuminuria development observed in hypertensive Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rats are influenced by quantitative trait loci on rat chromosome (RNO) 6 and RNO8. Previous studies in young MWF rats suggested that the nephron deficit represents a cause for glomerular hypertrophy preceding onset of albuminuria at 8 weeks and demonstrated a simultaneous i...

We investigated how exercise training superimposed on chronic hypertension impacted left ventricular remodeling. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and proliferation in hearts from female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were examined. Four-month-old SHR animals were placed into a sedentary group (SHR-SED; n = 18) or a treadmill running group (SHR-TRD, 20 m/min, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, 12 ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To analyze the effects of substrain and gender differences in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) branching patterns on infarct size, we compared infarct volumes produced by photothrombotic distal MCA occlusion using SHR/Kyushu and SHR/Izumo (Izm). METHODS Twenty-four male and 8 female SHR/Kyushu, 15 male and 5 female SHR/Izm, a...

BACKGROUND Altered vascular mechanics resulting from changes in collagen and integrins may influence resistance artery structure and function and, therefore, peripheral resistance and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS AND RESULTS Effects of age, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (fosinopril, 10 to 30 mg/kg per day), and AT(1)-receptor antagonism (irbesart...

The present study was designed to develop an animal model of multiple risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Hypothalamic obesity was induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Female newborn SHR were treated intraperitoneally with 2 or 4 mg/kg body weight of MSG for 5 da...

Hypertension and exercise independently induce left ventricular (LV) remodeling and alter LV function. The purpose of this study was to determine systolic and diastolic LV pressure-volume relationships (LV-PV) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with and without LV hypertrophy, and to determine whether 6 mo of exercise training modified the LV-PV in SHR. Four-month-old female SHR (n = 20),...

سابقه و هدف: کلیه ­ی اشخاص، اعم از حقیقی یا حقوقی مسئولیت حفاظت محیطزیست را برعهده دارند. اشخاص به این معنی است که فرد ملزم خساراتی دیگری وارد کرده جبران کند در حقوق امر قانونی یاد می‌شود. مقاله تحلیل چگونگی ارتباط مدنی محیط‌زیستی اجتماعی پرداخته شده محیط‌زیستی، یک ساختار سه‌گانۀ یکپارچه مورد بحث بررسی قرار گرفته است.مواد روش‌ها: تحقیق کیفی روش محتوا استفاده است؛ بدین شرح میان منابع داخلی بین‌ا...

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of short-term esmolol therapy on coronary artery structure and function and plasma oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). For this purpose, 14-month-old male SHR were treated for 48 hours with esmolol (SHR-E, 300  μ g/kg/min). Age-matched untreated male SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as hypertensive and normotensive ...

Purpose: To examine the hypothesis that in hypertensive diabetic rats hydrogen sulphide (H2S) reduces blood pressure through diuretic action in addition to its vasodilating effect. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used. SHR were divided into three groups: SHR (II), SHR diabetic (III), and SHR diabetic NaHS-Treated (IV) with a group of WKY (I) rats ...