Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes severe vision loss in the elderly; early identification of AMD risk could help slow or prevent disease progression. Toward the discovery of AMD biomarkers, we quantified plasma protein N -carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pentosidine from 58 AMD and 32 control donors. CML and pentosidine are advanced glycation end products that are abundant in Bruch mem...

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible visual dysfunction in individuals over 65 in Western Society. Patients with AMD are classified as having early stage disease (early AMD), in which visual function is affected, or late AMD (generally characterized as either "wet" neovascular AMD, "dry" atrophic AMD or both), in which central vision is severely compromised or l...

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to describe the morphology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as well as to obtain an estimate of the population-based incidence rate in Singapore. METHODS This is a retrospective hospital-based study of AMD cases seen in 1991 and 1992 at the Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC), a tertiary eye centre. All case notes recorded with the International Classif...

BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness, and awareness of this disease is important in the prevention of blindness. However, lack of public awareness of AMD was shown in previous studies, and there was no report of AMD awareness in the Mainland of China. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the awareness of AMD and its risk factors a...

PURPOSE To assess the association of gender, cigarette smoking, body-mass index, and nine genetic risk variants with cuticular drusen (CD), a well recognized subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A total of 757 patients with AMD, including 217 patients with CD, and 553 control individuals were interviewed with a questionnaire and underwent an ophthalmic examination. Venou...

BACKGROUND Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is major devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive irreversible vision loss in the elderly persons. In spite of several genetic and environmental factors, the role of VEGF and CFH predispose the pathological phenomenon in the AMD patients. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to estimate the VEGF levels in the serum of AM...

PURPOSE To compare axial length (AL) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) between individuals with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls with no lesions. METHODS This was a case-control study. In total, 853 eyes of 484 patients (>65 years), including 397 eyes at various AMD stages and 456 eyes with no fundus lesions (controls) were recruited. Using color fundus photography, ...

PURPOSE Conventional time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an important tool for following dry or exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Fourier-domain three-dimensional (3D) OCT was recently introduced. This study tested the reproducibility of 3D-OCT retinal thickness measurements in patients with dry and exudative AMD. METHODS Ten eyes with dry AMD and 12 eyes...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disorder affecting over 33 million people worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for AMD identified common variants at 19 loci accounting for 15-65% of the heritability and it has been hypothesized that the missing heritability may be attributed to rare variants with large effect sizes. Common variants in the complement...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) in serum and prevalent age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS AND DESIGN Cross-sectional associations of serum vitamin D and early and advanced AMD, assessed from nonmydriatic fundus photographs, were evaluated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a multistage nationally...