New applications have recently led to an increased interest in near infrared (NIR) dyes. Both, strong NIR absorption and fluorescence emission are important phenomena. While fluorescence is exploited especially for labelling purposes in microscopy, NIR absorption has a broad range of applications mainly in material science. Examples of growing fields of interest are NIR light emitting diodes an...

During surgery, conventional or minimally invasive, a surgeon’s ability to identify biological tissue properties is critical. Near Infrared (NIR) Imaging, a continuous, non-invasive imaging modality, offers a surgeon an augmented perception of the tissue characteristics (oxygenation, edema, etc.) In this paper, we present our NIR imaging setup and cluster analysis for localizing areas of simila...

We discuss the possibilities of extragalactic large-scale studies behind the Zone of Avoidance (ZOA) using complementary multiwavelength data from optical, systematic blind H I, and near-infrared (NIR) surveys. Applying these data to the NIR Tully –Fisher relation permits the mapping of the peculiar velocity field across the ZOA. Here, we present results of a comparison of galaxies identified i...

We report the optical characterization of near-infrared (NIR) emitters for polymer light-emitting diode (PLEDs) applications based on the copolymerization of a phthalimide-thiophene host polymer with a low-gap emitter containing the bisthienyl(benzotriazolothiadiazole) unit. We investigate different loadings of the low-gap emitter (in the range 1–3% by weight) and the substitution of a sulphur ...

We undertake a theoretical study of the near-infrared (NIR) lightcurves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). In these bands, the lightcurves are distinguished by a secondary maximum occurring roughly 20 to 30 days after the initial one. Using time-dependent multi-group radiative transfer calculations, we calculate the UBVRIJHK-band lightcurves of model SN Ia ejecta structures. Our synthetic NIR ligh...

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) absorb light and can be used to heat and ablate tumors. The "tissue window" at ∼ 800 nm (near infrared, NIR) is optimal for best tissue penetration of light. Previously, large, 50-150 nm, gold nanoshells and nanorods that absorb well in the NIR have been used. Small AuNPs that may penetrate tumors better unfortunately barely absorb at 800 nm. We show that small AuNPs ...

Fluorescent proteins (FP) are used to study various biological processes. Recently, a series of near-infrared (NIR) FPs based on bacterial phytochromes was developed. Finding ways to improve NIR FPs is becoming progressively important. By applying rational design and molecular evolution we have engineered R. palustris bacterial phytochrome into a single-domain NIR FP of 19.6 kDa, termed GAF-FP,...

Introduction I t is not possible to eliminate near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as an analytical technique from our modern daily life. Flinn describes this very comprehensively and includes various application examples of NIR spectroscopy in his article titled “An average day (or how near infrared affects daily life)” in 2005. Applications of NIR spectroscopy in the minerals processing industry ...

The multifunctional DNA repair enzymes apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases cleave DNA at AP sites and 3'-blocking moieties generated by DNA glycosylases in the base excision repair pathway. Alternatively, in the nucleotide incision repair (NIR) pathway, the same AP endonucleases incise DNA 5' of a number of oxidatively damaged bases. At present, the physiological relevance of latter functi...

Red/near-infrared irradiation therapy (R/NIR-IT) delivered by laser or light-emitting diode (LED) has improved functional outcomes in a range of CNS injuries. However, translation of R/NIR-IT to the clinic for treatment of neurotrauma has been hampered by lack of comparative information regarding the degree of penetration of the delivered irradiation to the injury site and the optimal treatment...