Virtual Reality systems (VRS) allow the creation of immersive environments for realistic simulations of real life situations. Though this characteristic is quite important for the conception of medical applications, the addition of assessment tools make these applications more useful and efficient when used for training purposes. An assessment can either be performed on-line or offline dependin...

شاخص سطح برگ نقش مهمی در تبادل ماده و انرژی بین زمین اتمسفر دارد. مانند سایر گیاهان، نیشکر معیار خوبی برای وضعیت سلامت رشد این محصول است که به‌دلیل آن صنایع غذایی انرژی، اهمیت اقتصادی بسیاری ماهوارة PRISMA سال 2019 پرتاب شد، یکی از جدیدترین منابع داده‌های ابرطیفی را فراهم کرده به‌ویژه، تهیة نقشة متغیرهای گیاهی کاربرد پژوهش حاضر، نوع جدیدی شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی، موسوم به شبکة تنظیم‌شده با روش بیز...

BACKGROUND Rating scales like the visual analogue scale, VAS, and the verbal rating scale, VRS, are often used for pain assessments both in clinical work and in research, despite the lack of a gold standard. Interchangeability of recorded pain intensity captured in the two scales has been discussed earlier, but not in conjunction with taking the influence of pain etiology into consideration. ...

Background. Hip fracture patients represent a challenge to pain rating due to the high prevalence of cognitive impairment. Methods. Patients prospectively rated pain on the VRS. Furthermore, patients described the changes in pain after raising their leg, with one of five descriptors. Agreement between paired measures on the VRS at rest and by passive straight leg raise with a one-minute interva...

Community Engagement (CE) has been presented by bio-ethicists and scientists as a straightforward and unequivocal good which can minimize the risks of exploitation and ensure a fair distribution of research benefits in developing countries. By means of ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in Kenya between 2007 and 2009 we explored how CE is understood and enacted in paediatric vaccine trials condu...

In a longitudinal clinical trial the treatment times needed for the fabrication of veneer restorations (VRs) were recorded and analysed. Treatment times were determined for: (1) direct resin composite (DC), (2) indirect resin composite (IC) and (3) porcelain (P) veneer restorations and for two preparation designs, with and without incisal coverage. Significant effects on the treatment times wer...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the normal data of pain-related evoked potentials (PREP) elicited with a concentric surface electrode among normal, healthy adults and the relationship between PREP and pain intensity. METHODS Sixty healthy volunteers (22 men and 38 women; aged 36.4±10.7 years; height, 165.4±7.8 cm) were enrolled. Routine nerve conduction study (NCS) was done to measure PREP following...

Although epidermal melanin content has been quantified non-invasively using visible reflectance spectroscopy (VRS), there is currently no way to determine melanin distribution in the epidermis. We have developed a photoacoustic probe that uses a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG (neodymium, yttrium, aluminum, garnet) laser operating at 532 nm to generate acoustic pulses in skin in vivo. The ...