This paper investigates the relationship between financial development and economic growth for UK for the period 1965-2007 using a vector error correction model (VECM). The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run relationship between these variables applying the Johansen cointegration analysis. Granger causality tests indicated that there is a causal relationship between financial deve...

This paper investigates the existence of Granger causality and cointegrated relationships between tourism related Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and tourism development in developing countries using panel VECM techniques from 1995 to 2008. The results confirm the existence of a co-integrated relationship between variables in the long run. In addition, there is a bilateral long-run causality be...

Abstract This research aimed to study the determinants of tourism demand in Tunisia from 1995 2019 with four independent variables: gross domestic product, consumer price index, real exchange rate, and air transport passengers carried. The employed Unit root test, Co-integration Vector Error Correction model (VECM) examine variables’ short- long-run relationship dynamics. results show that co-i...

Economic recession or crisis could show a higher possibility of financial transmission in an integrated stock market. Integration between markets is channel spreading the devastating effects crisis. The objective this study to detect significant interactions among countries that are members North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA regional partnership with from United States, Canada a...

This paper constructs a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and error correction (VECM) model, analyzes the air pollution, economic development, national health of China from 1990 to 2019, evaluates losses respiratory diseases caused by pollution. The results show that: (1) China’s economy continues grow, corresponding amount exhaust gas emissions (during study period) showed trend first increasi...