This paper focuses on the automatic determination of the age of children in preschool and primary school age. For each child a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is trained. As training method the Maximum A Posteriori adaptation (MAP) is used. MAP derives the speaker models from a Universal Background Model (UBM) and does not perform an independent parameter estimation. The means of each GMM are extr...

In This paper presents an overview of a stateof-the-art text-independent speaker verification system. The objective of automatic speaker recognition is to extract, characterize and recognize the information about speaker identity. First, an introduction proposes a modular scheme of the training and test phases of a speaker verification system. Then, the most commonly speech parameterization use...

11 THE GMM ESTIMATION 2 11.1 Consistency and Asymptotic Normality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 11.2 Regularity Conditions and Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 11.3 The GMM Interpretation of the OLS Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 11.4 The GMM Interpretation of the MLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 11.5 The GMM Estimation ...

It is well-known that the performance of acoustic-to-articulatory inversion improves by smoothing the articulatory trajectories estimated using Gaussian mixture model (GMM) mapping (denoted by GMM + Smoothing). GMM + Smoothing also provides similar performance with GMM mapping using dynamic features, which integrates smoothing directly in the mapping criterion. Due to the separation between smo...

The technique known as bootstrapping or resampling has been used effectively in the field of statistics to obtain good estimates of statistics from only a small set of observations. In this paper we explore the use of this powerful technique to aid in improving the performance of a GMM-UBM text-independent speaker recognition system. We apply the bootstrap to the training process in the generat...

This paper proposes a study of a Factor Analysis (FA) segmentation and classification system. Our approach is inspired by language recognition systems where every input sequence is a language. Following this idea, a study between the classic segmentation systems based on HMM/GMM and FA is done over the output of a perfect segmentation system (oracle boundaries). It can be seen how FA improves t...

Speaker verification (SV) systems that employ maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) universal background model (UBM) incur a significant teststage computational load in the calculation of a posteriori probabilities and sufficient statistics. We propose a multi-layered hash system employing a tree-structured GMM which uses Runnalls’ GMM reduction technique. The ...

The NAM-to-speech conversion proposed by Toda and colleagues which converts Non-Audible Murmur (NAM) to audible speech by statistical mapping trained using aligned corpora is a very promising technique, but its performance is still insufficient, mainly due to the difficulty in estimating F0 of the transformed voice from unvoiced speech. In this paper, we propose a method to improve F0 estimatio...

This paper introduces the performance evaluation of statistical approaches for Text-Independent speaker recognition system using source feature. Linear prediction (LP) residual is used as a representation of excitation information in speech. The speaker-specific information in the excitation of voiced speech is captured using statistical approaches such as Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) and Hid...

The adoption of renewable energy remains Sub-Saharan Africa’s best option to achieve sustainable growth and mitigate climate change. essence this study is examine the factors that determine in Africa by employing System Generalized Methods-Of-Moment (GMM) analyze data sourced from 1990 2019 on some selected African economies. examined tripartite role economic, environmental, socio-political not...