This study examines the potential connections among learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC) in English, their perceptions of autonomy-supportive teaching and two individual difference variables, i.e. motivation and English speaking self-efficacy. Two hundred and five Iranian EFL learners responded to four questionnaires. The data obtained from the collected instruments were...

Speaking as an initial goal in language teaching and learning has relationships with many variables including listening, reading, writing, knowledge of vocabulary as well as grammar. The present study mainly aims at examining the relationship between translations and speaking fluency. For this purpose and following an experimental design, three groups of Iranian advanced EFL learners were...

this study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between teachers' personality type (feeling vs. thinking) and speaking skill of pre- intermediate efl students in iranian context. twelve teachers and forty eight students from a local language institute participated in the study. the myers briggs type indicator (mbti), an instrument based on jung’s personality theory, was taken from tea...

It is a standard assumption that subordinate clauses like relative, embedded declarative, and interrogative clauses in natural language vary according to their morphosyntactic and semantic characteristics. Their morphosyntactic variation is expressed in the presence/absence of a wh-word, a relative pronoun, or an overt complementizer; syntactic transparency (embedded declaratives) or opacity (e...

Based on data from ongoing and completed studies, and to the extent the sponsors have provided requested information, TAG and the undersigned organizations and patient advocates of the community of people living with HIV/AIDS support the full approval of the GSK/Vertex application to FDA of Lexiva® brand 908 (fosamprenavir, NDA 21-XXX) to treat HIV infection in combination with other antiretrov...

General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edin...

interests, or preferences, or that takes account of previous exchanges between the user and the system. For that to happen, the information must be stored in a different, nontextual fashion and turned into a spoken or written message in the user’s language when needed. This generation process can take into account the context and the user’s linguistic and personal preferences so that it looks t...

Indefinites in intensional contexts, such as attitude reports or intensional argument positions, give rise to a well-known ambiguity. Consider (1): On the so-called specific reading, it says that there is a particular object which happens to be a jacket like Malte’s jacket such that Adrian wants to buy that particular object. Adrian need not know that that object is a jacket like Malte’s. On th...