In ESTAR models it is usually quite difficult to obtain parameter estimates, as it is discussed in the literature. The problem of properly distinguishing the transition function in relation to extreme parameter combinations often leads to getting strongly biased estimators. This paper proposes a new procedure to test for the unit root in a nonlinear framework, and contributes to the existing li...

Active microwave remote sensing observations hold the potential for efficient and reliable mapping of spatial soil moisture distributions. However, soil moisture retrievals from microwave remote sensing techniques are typically complex because of the inherent difficulty in characterizing the interactions among land surface parameters that contribute to the retrieval process. Therefore adequate ...

Estudantes público da Educação Especial devem frequentar, preferencialmente, escolas regulares de ensino. Apesar dos avanços em termos legislativos e matrículas, nem sempre a inclusão escolar acontece, verdadeiramente, no interior das instituições escolares. Por isso, objetivamos descrever analisar situações sala aula que não acontece fato. Participaram 16 professoras 22 alunos matriculados púb...

Objetivos: Investigar os significados atribuídos por idosos aos conceitos de velhice saudável e de ser feliz na velhice, bem como as associações entre os significados e suas avaliações sobre satisfação global e referenciada a domínios. Método: Esta investigação foi realizada a partir dos dados de um estudo multicêntrico, de corte transversal. As emissões verbais provenientes de amostras represe...

Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive (ESTAR) models can capture non-linear adjustment of the deviations from equilibrium conditions which may explain the economic behavior of many variables that appear non stationary from a linear viewpoint. Many researchers employ the Kapetanios test which has a unit root as the null and a stationary nonlinear model as the alternative. However this tes...

Attempts by governments to finance a substantial proportion of expenditure by seigniorage can lead to multiple inflationary equilibria. Theoretical models suggest that, in these circumstances, inflation follows a non-linear process with up to three steady states and that the stability characteristics of these depend on the process by which expectations are formed. In this paper we show that the...

consumption of whole-wheat breads prepared from high extraction flours is recommended because of their high content of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. despite the beneficial effects of these breads, they contain high amounts of undesirable compounds like phytic acid (pa) which is believed to negatively interfere with the absorption of some such nutrients as zinc (zn). wheat genotypes are differe...