Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a reflectance confocal microscopy technology that can rapidly image large areas of luminal organs at microscopic resolution. One of the main challenges for large-area SECM imaging in vivo is maintaining the same imaging depth within the tissue when patient motion and tissue surface irregularity are present. In this paper, we report the developmen...

The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in early 1980s almost coincided with the introduction of micron-sized ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs). Since that time, the idea of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM; the same abbreviation is also used for the device, i.e., the microscope) was in the air. Several groups employed small and mobile electrochemical probes to make measurements w...

We are interested in using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to study the chemistry of graphene. First we discuss the study of the local chemical reactivity of graphene. Then we show fabrication of a 500 nm SECM probe electrode to improve the resolution of SECM imaging. Summary of Research: We are using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), a quantitative scanning probe technique...

This paper presents a microfluidic push-pull probe for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) consisting of a working microelectrode, an integrated counter/reference electrode and two microchannels for pushing and pulling an electrolyte solution to and away from a substrate. With such a configuration, a droplet of a permanently renewed redox mediator solution is maintained just at the probe...

SecM is an E. coli secretion monitor capable of stalling translation on the prokaryotic ribosome without cofactors. Biochemical and structural studies have demonstrated that the SecM nascent chain interacts with the 50S subunit exit tunnel to inhibit peptide bond formation. However, the timescales and pathways of stalling on an mRNA remain undefined. To provide a dynamic mechanism for stalling,...

Finite conical electrodes, which are of particular interest as probes for imaging of surfaces using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), in kinetic studies and in probing thin films were investigated. Theoretical SECM tip current-distance feedback (approach) curves for a finite conical electrode were calculated by numerical (finite element) analysis and compared to an earlier approximate...

This review highlights numerous and wide ranging biophysical and biochemical applications of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). SECM instrumentation and theoretical modelling, necessary for experimental interpretation, are outlined, followed by a detailed discussion of the diverse applications of this technique. These include the measurement of flow through membranes, the determination...