Objective(s): The aim of the present research is to investigate the efficacy of L-carnitine (LC) as a complementary therapy to diclofenac sodium (Dic) treatment in a mono-iodoacetate (MIA) induced knee osteoarthritis (OA) rat model, with respect to pain relief and the underlying pathology.Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino ra...

Introduction: Inflammatory pain is a common sign of chronic diseases. Some brain regions such as locus coeruleus (LC) of the brainstem nor-epinephrine (NE) system have a key role in The mechanisms of the pain modulation and dependence. Bupropion synthesized as an antidepressant, but it is using for smoke cessation. It can change morphine withdrawal signs such as pain related behaviors. This stu...

background and objectives: food contamination by aflatoxins is an important food safety concern for agricultural products. in order to identify and develop novel antifungal agents, several plant extracts and isolated compounds have been evaluated for their bioactivities. anti-infectious activity of piper betle used in traditional medicine of malaysia has been reported previously. materials and ...

background: the glycoconjugate content of sperms indicates their physiological and fertility properties. lectin reactivity is indicative of intact, capacitated, and acrosome-reacted sperms. in the epididymis, sperms experience maturation, glycoconjugate modification, and simultaneously, higher l-carnitine (lc) concentrations. the aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of lc and pentoxi...

background: timing of the first zygotic cleavage is an accurate predictor of embryo quality. embryos that cleaved early (ec) have been shown to exhibit higher developmental viability compared to those that cleaved at a later period (lc). however, the viability of ec embryos in comparison to lc embryos after vitrification is unknown. the present study aims to investigate the post-vitrification d...

Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring with non-zero identity and $fa$ an ideal of $R$. Let $M$ be a finite $R$--module of finite projective dimension and $N$ an arbitrary finite $R$--module. We characterize the membership of the generalized local cohomology modules $lc^{i}_{fa}(M,N)$ in certain Serre subcategories of the category of modules from upper bounds. We define and study the properti...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) inhibitor (KN-93) injection into the locus coeruleus (LC) on the modulation of withdrawal signs. We also sought to study the effect of chronic morphine administration on CaMKIIα activity in the rat LC. Methods: The research was based on behavioral and molecular studies. In the behav...