The two main subgroups of the family of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV) that have previously been characterized are known as HTLV-I and HTLV-II. Both are associated with certain human leukemias and lymphomas. Cell surface antigens (p61 and p65) encoded by HTLV-I are frequently recognized, at low titers, by antibodies in the serum of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AID...

Human T lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) are complex deltaretroviruses that do not contain a proto-oncogene in their genome, yet are capable of transforming primary T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. There are four known strains of HTLV including HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1), HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. HTLV-1 is primarily associated with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tr...

Twenty human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody-positive sera from Japan, Hawaii, and the Marshall Islands and 15 HTLV type II (HTLV-II) antibody-positive sera from intravenous drug users in the United States were tested by immunoblotting with two recombinant HTLV-I proteins and three commercial kits to determine whether there were any differences in reactions between HTLV-I- and HTL...

Short or damaged telomeres have been implicated in degenerative conditions. We hypothesized that analysis of telomere length (TL) in human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection and HTLV-associated neuropathy might provide clues to the etiology of HTLV-associated disease and viral dynamics. A subset of 45 human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), 45 human T-cell lymphotropic virus ty...

Human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus Type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2), together with their simian counterparts (STLV-1, STLV-2), belong to the Primate T lymphotropic viruses group (PTLV). The high percentage of homologies between HTLV-1 and STLV-1 strains, led to the demonstration that most HTLV-1 subtypes arose from interspecies transmission between monkeys and humans. STLV-3 viruses belong to...

Viral cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma has been widely evaluated for detecting cancer and monitoring disease virus-associated tumors. We investigated whether the amount of cfDNA human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) correlates with state adult leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 aggressive ATL was significantly higher than that indolent asymptomatic carriers. Notably, patients lymphoma represe...