Accumulating evidence indicates that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in promoting adaptive immune responses and are definitively involved in the expansion and maintenance of the neuropathic pain. However, the application of docking in virtual-screening in silico methods to drug discovery has some challenge but it allows us to make the directed and meaningful design of drugs fo...

Drug designing and molecular dynamic studies were an intense, lengthy and an inter-disciplinary venture. At present, a new approach towards the use of computational chemistry and molecular modeling for in-silico drug design. Computational in-silico drug design skills are used in bioinformatics, computational biology and molecular biology. Drug designing using in-silico methods is cost effective...

Rather than studying existent living systems, we can increasingly produce computer models that capture the salient aspects of life. This provides us with unprecedented opportunities to examine, manipulate, and explore biological phenomena, allowing us to investigate some of the deepest issues in biology.

The 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel for their pioneering work on computer modelling, specifically, the 'development of multiscale models of complex chemical systems' (1). This award not only recognises the critical contributions by the three laureates to the field of molecular simulations, but also underscores the broad impact that computer...

We introduce biomimetic in silico devices, and means for validation along with methods for testing and refining them. The devices are constructed from adaptable software components designed to map logically to biological components at multiple levels of resolution. In this report we focus on the liver; the goal is to validate components that mimic features of the lobule (the hepatic primary fun...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main cause of tuberculosis (TB), has still remained a global health crisis especially in developing countries. Tuberculosis treatment is a laborious and lengthy process with high risk of non compliance, cytotoxicity adverse events and drug resistance in patient. Recently, there has been an alarming rise of drug resistant in TB. In this regard, it is an unmet need...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs 19–24 nucleotides long, which are differentially expressed in different tissues. The role of miRNAs in MS remains unclear. We assessed miR-10a transcript levels in MS patients during recurrence and two months after relapse. Ma...

Literacy underpins constitutions, civil rights and liberties. But E-mail is replacing the letter; the digital certificate, the written signature. Printing allows the recording and dissemination of observations, thoughts and ideas. But the Internet is competing with the printed page; the searchable database with the index of contents. If you are reading this article online, you may have retrieve...