We examined the role of spatial frames of reference in memory. Participants first verified verbal descriptions of visual scenes and spatial relations among objects. The intrinsic and relative frames of reference (FoR) were used in the descriptions with varying degrees of frequency (availability) and veridicality (reliability). Descriptions in the two reference frames could either be equally dis...

A reference generation scheme is proposed for a 1T-1C ferroelectric random-access memory (FeRAM) architecture that balances fatigue evenly between memory cells and reference cells. This is achieved by including a reference cell per row (instead of per column) of the memory array. The proposed scheme converts the bitline voltage to current and compares this current against a reference current us...

Memory is considered to be a flexible and reconstructive system. However, there little experimental evidence demonstrating how associations are falsely constructed in memory, even less known about the role of self memory construction. We investigated whether false involving non-presented stimuli can episodic plays such In two experiments, we paired participants’ own names (i.e., self-reference)...

We present the Memory Trace Visualizer (MTV), a tool that provides interactive visualization and analysis of the sequence of memory operations performed by a program as it runs. As improvements in processor performance continue to outpace improvements in memory performance, tools to understand memory access patterns are increasingly important for optimizing data intensive programs such as those...

To evaluate the cognitive phenotype of the segmental trisomy 16 (Ts65Dn) mouse, a model of Down Syndrome (DS, trisomy 21), we assessed spatial working and reference memory using a 12-arm radial maze (RAM). Ts65Dn mice made a greater number of reference memory errors across trials compared to control mice. Both genotypes showed improvement across trials, although improvement was slower in Ts65Dn...

Effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [22: 6(n-3)]-fortified Chlorella oil fraction on radial maze performance was studied in aged mice. Male ICR mice aged 9 months were fed a diet containing 2 g DHA-fortified Chlorella oil fraction/100 g diet or normal diet (Control group) for 2 months. Two months after the start of feeding, the mice were tested for learning ability related to 2 types of memory...

Rats exposed to 30 minutes of four-vessel occlusion reliably develop severe bilateral CA1 hippocampal injury; under certain conditions of radial maze training, such rats perform the reference memory component as well as controls yet perform the working memory component worse than controls. Reference memory is thought to depend on invariable and working memory on variable spatial information. We...

The present study was designed to examine which kind of memory: reference or working, better correlates with individual variation in rats' spatial learning abilities. To answer this question two groups of rats were trained to an arbitrary criterion in a partially baited 12-arm radial maze under two different experimental conditions: with or without allothetic cues. After 10 days break, rats wer...

The GluN1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor shows age-related changes in its expression pattern, some of which correlate with spatial memory performance in mice. Aged C57BL/6 mice show an age-related increase in mRNA expression of GluN1 subunit splice variants that lack the N terminal splice cassette, GluN1(0XX) (GluN1-a). This increase in expression is associated with good pe...