In this study, parents’ reactions to their children’s emotions were investigated as correlates of children’s abilities in Theory of Mind (ToM). 175 parents completed questionnaires about their reactions to their children’s emotions. Children’s ToM abilities were assessed by direct measures and a questionnaire completed by mothers. Inter-parental comparisons and intra-parental interactions were ...

Previous meta-analytic studies conducted in Western countries have consistently revealed impairments in theory of mind (ToM) in schizophrenia. However, there is no systematic meta-analytic review of ToM deficits in individuals with schizophrenia in non-Western countries. In addition, ToM impairments in individuals with schizophrenia have not been investigated in the distinctive domains (i.e., v...

In their first years, children's understanding of mental states seems to improve dramatically, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are still unclear. Such 'theory of mind' (ToM) abilities may arise during development, or have an innate basis, developmental changes reflecting limitations of other abilities involved in ToM tasks (e.g. inhibition). Special circumstances such as early bilin...

objective: theory of mind (tom) or mindreading is an aspect of social cognition that evaluates mental states and beliefs of oneself and others. validity and reliability are very important criteria when evaluating standard tests; and without them, these tests are not usable. the aim of this study was to systematically review the validity and reliability of published english comprehensive tom tes...

Individuals with schizophrenia often demonstrate theory of mind (ToM) impairment relative to healthy adults. However, the exact nature of this impairment (first- vs. second-order ToM and cognitive vs. affective ToM) and the extent to which ToM abilities deteriorate with illness chronicity is unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the relationships between clinical symptoms and ToM error ty...

In the context of personality disorder development, theories of typical and atypical development both emphasize social cognition as an important building block for personality development. Prior claims of intact theory of mind (ToM) abilities in psychopathic individuals have relied upon a narrow conception of ToM as equivalent to "cognitive empathy." In this article, the authors make use of a b...

UNLABELLED Sex chromosome tetrasomy and pentasomy conditions occur in 1:18,000-1:100,000 male births. While often compared with 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome because of shared features including tall stature and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes are associated with additional physical findings, congenital malformations, medical problems and psychological feat...

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major cause of reproductive failure in swine and has caused substantial losses throughout the world. Viral protein 2 (VP2) PPV structural that can self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLP) with hemagglutination (HA) activity. In order to identify essential residues involved mechanism capsid assembly further understand function HA, we analyzed series deletion mu...