Despite its frequent use, much is unknown about how the nback task is performed and how it relates to working memory. We conducted a detailed analysis of the accuracy and reaction time data from a 4-back version of the task and compared the results with previous results from an adaptive training version of the task. The experiment was also designed to test the novel predictions of a computation...

Working memory (WM) is the ability to maintain and manipulate task-relevant information in the absence of sensory input. While its improvement through training is of great interest, the degree to which WM training transfers to untrained WM tasks (near transfer) and other untrained cognitive skills (far transfer) remains debated and the mechanism(s) underlying transfer are unclear. Here we hypot...

Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is the most common dementia, Background accounting for more than 60% of all dementia cases. For adults aged >65 years, the incidence rate doubles for every 5 years of increased age; therefore, preserving cognitive function is a pressing issue. Thus, our team screens for AD in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, at 11 public halls in Kashihara City, Japan, and ...

آلیاژهای منیزیم معمولاً دارای عدم تقارن تسلیم در حالت کشش و فشار هستند که این عامل ناشی از سازوکارهای مختلف تغییر شکل پلاستیک فعال تحت بارگذاری‌های کششی فشاری است. مقاله بر روی شبیه‌سازی المان حجمی نماینده‌ی سه‌بعدی آلیاژ اکسترود شده تمرکز دارد تا با کمک روابط کریستال پلاستیسیته تأثیر شدت بافت پایه ـ را بررسی کند. پلاستیسته مبتنی‌بر لغزش به‌صورت یک زیربرنامه نرم‌افزار آباکوس (U‌M‌A‌T) برای آزمون...

Working memory is a construct of primary relevance to many areas of psychology. Two types of tasks have been used to measure working memory, primarily in different research areas: Complex span tasks are commonly used in behavioral studies in the cognitive and individual-differences literature, whereas n-back tasks have been used more frequently in cognitive neuroscience studies investigating th...

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Working memory is an executive function, which involves holding information in mind and mentally working with it (Diamond, 2013). A widely used measure for the assessment of working memory function is the n-back task (Owen et al., 2005). Here, participants are typically instructed to monitor a series of stimuli and to respond whenever a stimulus is presented that is the same as the one presente...

Two studies aiming to investigate the use of cognitive control strategies in the N-Back task are presented. The first study identified a behavioral effect that seemed indicative of participants’ proneness toward using highversus low-control strategies. Two ACT-R models of N-Back implementing the two hypothesized strategies were developed. Model simulations were used to identify the proneness to...

The objective of this paper is to uncover the structure of the back-andforth equivalence classes at the finite levels for the class of Boolean algebras. As an application, we obtain bounds on the computational complexity of determining the back-and-forth equivalence classes of a Boolean algebra for finite levels. This result has implications for characterizing the relatively intrinsically Σn re...