To ensure safe passage blind travellers utilize mobility aids such as the white cane to preview space their body will move through. Augmented canes (AWC) have increased this range reduce collisions, but consequently incurred lower walking speeds. The literature has blamed slowdown on AWC provided alerts that are additional feedback, unnecessary, too complex, and anticipatory of users. Two withi...

Animals track fluctuating stimuli over multiple timescales during natural olfactory behaviors. Here, we define mechanisms underlying these computations in Caenorhabditis elegans. By characterizing neuronal calcium responses to rapidly fluctuating odor sequences, we show that sensory neurons reliably track stimulus fluctuations relevant to behavior. AWC olfactory neurons respond to multiple odor...

We present resolvent-based learning as a new nogood learning method for a distributed constraint satisfaction algorithm. This method is based on a look-back technique in constraint satisfaction algorithms and can efficiently make effective nogoods. We combine the method with the asynchronous weakcommitment search algorithm (AWC) and evaluate the performance of the resultant algorithm on distrib...

In complex neural circuits of the brain, massive information is processed with neuronal communication through synaptic transmissions. It is thus fundamental to delineate information flows encoded by various kinds of transmissions. Here, we show that glutamate signals from two distinct sensory neurons bidirectionally affect the same postsynaptic interneuron, thereby producing the opposite behavi...

In this paper, we present a block of adaptive weight change (AWC) mechanism for analog current-mode Kohonen's Neural Network (KNN) implemented in CMOS 0.18 μm technology. As some other essential building blocks of KNNs dealing with the calculations of the Euclidean distance, formation of a conscience mechanism and a determination of the winner-takes-all (WTA) circuits have been already develope...

Aerosol water content (AWC) significantly affects secondary aerosol formation and atmospheric visibility. Most ambient AWC values are obtained from models because the direct measurement is challenging. In this study, sequential aerosol-water system (SAWMS) was applied to measure at Xiaogang (XG) air-quality monitoring site of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA), located in an ...

Diversification of neuron classes is essential for functions of the olfactory system, but the underlying mechanisms that generate individual olfactory neuron types are only beginning to be understood. Here we describe a role of the highly conserved HMG-box transcription factor SOX-2 in postmitotic specification and alternative differentiation of the Caenorhabditis elegans AWC and AWB olfactory ...