Many researchers and authorities in the field of international relations agree on the issue that one of the factors to make relations between and among governments in through traders and exchanging goods among people of different lands, and as human societies develop in different fields, the economic affair and trades of these countries expand and develop, as well.  Thus, they, in turn, have ha...

We show how to construct a logical relation for countable nondeterminism in a guarded type theory, corresponding to the internal logic of the topos Sh (ω1) of sheaves over ω1. In contrast to earlier work on abstract step-indexed models, we not only construct the logical relations in the guarded type theory, but also give an internal proof of the adequacy of the model with respect to standard co...

Community-based Question Answering services contain many threads consisting of a question and its answers. When there are many answers for a question, it is hard for a user to understand them all. To address this problem, we focus on logical relations between answers in a thread and present a model for identifying the relations between the answers. We consider that there are constraints among t...

Because recent heterogeneous telecom networks have developed into complex distributed systems, the management of these systems is more elaborated and resource consuming. Self-organization of network resource colonies based on semantic associations with logical relations can provide a solution. This paper presents a method for resource management in telecom distributed testing environments with ...

Logical architectures combine several logics into a more complex logical system. In this paper we study a logical architecture using input/output operations corresponding to the functionality of logical components. We illustrate how the architectural approach can be used to develop a logic of a normative system based on logics of counts-as conditionals, institutional constraints, obligations an...

It is argued that the distinction between the normative and the descriptive interpretation of norm sentences can be regarded as a distinction between two kinds of utterances. A norm or a directive has as its content a normative proposition. A normative (performative) utterance of a normative proposition in appropriate circumstances makes the proposition true, and an assertive (descriptive) utte...

OBJECTIVES Breakdown of marriage and cohabitation is common in Western countries and is costly for individuals and society. Most research on reasons for breakdown has focused on marriages ending in divorce and/or have used data unrepresentative of the population. We present prevalence estimates of, and differences in, reported reasons for recent breakdown of marriages and cohabitations in Brita...

This paper surveys some recent works on the study of termination in a concurrent setting. Processes are π-calculus processes, on which type systems are imposed that ensure termination of the process computations. Two approaches are exposed. The rst one draws on the method of logical relations, which has been extensively used in the analysis of sequential languages. The second approach exploits ...

This chapter aims to illustrate the role of culture for development over the life-span. First, theoretical approaches on development in culture are presented, starting from early anthropological to recent eco-cultural approaches. Then culture-specific conceptualisations of development over the life span are discussed, including childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Finally, recent stu...