Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling plays an important role in regulating crucial biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many of these processes are also an integral part of amelogenesis. In order to delineate a precise role of TGF-ß signaling during amelogenesis, we developed a transgenic mouse line that harb...

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) functions both in regulation of insulin secretion and neurotransmitter release through common downstream mediators. Therefore, we hypothesized that pancreatic ß-cells acquire and store the information contained in calcium pulses as a form of "metabolic memory", just as neurons store cognitive information. To test this hypothesis, we develop...

Aim. To explore whether first-trimester levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA) and serum free ß-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free ß-hCG) vary with maternal blood group and rhesus status and to determine their implications for Down syndrome. Methods. Blood samples were collected from all 539 singleton pregnancies undergoing first-trimester screening. Values of maternal serum P...

ß-Cyclodextrin (ß-CD) solubilizes stickies from deinked pulp, commercial adhesive formulations, or magazine inserts, which demonstrates its potential as a washing aid. A new test to simulate coater scratches is described; it involves scraping the test paper sample across the surface of a thin layer chromatography plate and measuring the degree of scratching on the plate. Scratching was signific...

Objective: Several studies have shown that the adult pancreas possesses a limited potential for ß– cell regeneration upon tissue injury. One of the difficulties in studying ß-cell regeneration has been the lack of a robust, synchronized animal model system that would allow controlled regulation of ß−cell loss and subsequent proliferation in adult pancreas. Research Design and Methods: Here we p...

für die resultierende mittlere Geschwindigkeit eines Teilchens nach einem Stoß: t>red = v c p . Aus den Gesetzen des elastischen Stoßes für Kugeln der Massen m0, mx ergibt sich für die Geschwindigkeit von 77i0 nach dem Stoß mit ß = ( (m x m0 ) / (m, + m 0 ) ) 2, e=(l/ß-l) (d/R0)2 : v=v0(ßey*(( 1 + 1/fi) — cos2 ft)1'*; (A.6) cos #m i n = (1 (R0/d)2 (ß (vmJv 0)2)/ (ß-1) cos # m a x = (1 (R0/d)2)1...

Due to the asymmetry introduced by the hypothesis (2), the above theorem leaves open the case where ß >ct. Actually, the entire theorem as it stands holds without hypothesis (3). This results from the fact that Erdös' proof of the theorem given in [l ] uses only the condition a>ß/2. In the contrary case, 2a=/3, if we let ai be any fixed integer of A, the set {ö+cti}, b^B, has asymptotic density...

BACKGROUND ß-Adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta-blockers) are frequently used with the aim of reducing perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction. However, randomized clinical trials specifically designed to evaluate the effects of beta-blockers on mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery have yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effect o...

The theorem about primitive divisors in algebraic number fields is generalized in the following manner. Let A, B be algebraic integers, (A, B) = 1 , AB ^ 0, A/B not a root of unity, and Çk a primitive root of unity of order k . For all sufficiently large n , the number A" C,kB" has a prime ideal factor that does not divide Am £,'kBm for arbitrary m < n and j < k . The analogue of Zsigmondy's th...

Segmental mandibulectomy leads to a great deÞ cit in the form and function of the patient. Vascularised bone ß aps have become the choice of the method of reconstruction of the mandible in an oncologic setting. Fibula osseous or oseteocutaneous ß aps have become the favored method in centers across the world. This article reviews certain pertinent and practical points with regards to Þ bula ß a...