The aim of this study was to establish the fractionation of copper and zinc in a small apple orchard using the revised (four-step) Bureau Communautaire de Référence (BCR) sequential extraction procedure and assess their potential mobility in soil. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 10 cm to 25 cm, sixteen from the orchard and five control samples from a meadow located some 200 m away f...

the total concentration and percentage of heavy metals content in the sediment of hashilan wetland, kermanshah province, was assessed in summer 2015. the total concentrations of cu, pb, and fe were around 18.57, 6.95 and 379.24 μg g-1, respectively. successive extractions of the samples showed a decreasing trend as follows: residual>organic matter>iron and manganese oxides>exchangeable parts. t...

Isotope analysis is a potentially sensitive method to trace in situ degradation of organic contaminants. In a recent paper, Morasch et al. (3) investigated the mechanism of isotope fractionation during toluene biodegradation using deuteriumlabeled toluene. The authors overlooked that the Rayleigh equation that is normally used to evaluate isotope fractionation at natural abundance level (2) is ...

this study sougth to the effect of occ pulp fractionation on produced paper strength properties improvement. using a pressure screen, occ pulp was devided to tow distinct fractions of accept ratio (short fibers) and reject ratio (long fibers) in accordance with optimum condition of fractionation based on the previous studies. in the next stage, long fiber stream was refined and recombined with ...

A new improvement based on outlet fractionation and feedback has been developed for simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. In this contribution, this fractionation and feedback SMB (FF-SMB) concept is extended to the general scenario which integrates a simultaneous fractionation of both outlet streams. A model-based optimization approach, previously adopted to investigate single fractionati...