Objective To evaluate the immunohistochemical staining pattern of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) protein in germ cell tumours (GCTs) of the testis. Methods This study reassessed archival tissue samples collected from patients diagnosed with primary and metastatic testicular GCTs for CDX2 immunoreactivity using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Positive nuclear immunostaining was evaluated...

The patient was a 70 year old woman. A tumour in liver segment 8 arose in a background of cirrhotic liver with chronic hepatitis C and reached a size of 6.0 cm in six months. The patient’s serum concentration was raised (17101 ng/ml), and the tumour was suspected to be hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on various image findings. An extended liver anterior segmentectomy was performed, and ser...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE At present, pediatric testicular yolk sac tumor is hard to be diagnosed at early stage, and the treatment strategy for this disease after radical inguinal orchiectomy is uncertain. This study was to summarize our experience in diagnosing and treating clinical stage I pediatric testicular yolk sac tumors. METHODS Clinical data of ten patients with clinical stage I pediat...

BACKGROUND Primary vaginal yolk sac tumor is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population, and a diagnostic challenge and appropriate initial treatment remains unsolved. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features, treatment and prognosis of this tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight cases of primary vaginal yolk sac tumor were reported with a literature review. RE...

The extra-embryonic coelom (EEC) and secondary yolk sac are prominent structures in the gestational sac during the first trimester of human pregnancy, at a time before the definitive placental circulation becomes established. We propose that the EEC and yolk sac play a critical role in the nutrition of early pregnancy, fulfilling exchange functions which are assumed by the placenta at a later s...

Studies were conducted to explore the synthesis of retinol-binding protein and transthyretin by embryonic and extraembryonic tissues during fetal development in the rat. The levels of retinol-binding protein mRNA and transthyretin mRNA were measured in fetal liver and in extraembryonic tissues by RNA gel blot analysis and hybridization with specific cDNA probes. Retinol-binding protein mRNA and...

Studies of receptor-mediated lipoprotein metabolic pathways in avian species have revealed that physiological intricacies of specific cell types are highly analogous to those in mammals. A prime example for the power of comparative studies across different animal kingdoms, elucidated in the chicken, is that the expression of different lipoprotein receptors in somatic cells and oocytes are the k...

It has been previously suggested that abnormal yolk sac characteristics and slow embryonic foetal heart rate are associated with poor gestational outcome and these parameters can be used to assess foetal viability in first trimester of pregnancies. However there is paucity of evidence in Indian medical literature. The purpose of present study was to examine the role of yolk sac characteristics ...