This paper describes a model developed to calculate the number of redundant good die per wafer. A block redundancy scheme is used here, where the entire defective memory subarray is replaced by a redundant element. A formula is derived to calculate the amount of improvement expected after redundancy. This improvement is given in terms of the ratio of the overall good die per wafer to the origin...

The manufacturability of integrated circuits can be improved at design level by incorporating modifications in the structure of the IP components (cores, cells, memories) and of interconnections, as well as changes in the design methodology and flow. In this tutorial we will describe the types of design improvements that can be introduced in the design of large integrated circuits, and the pote...

In this paper, we provide new yield-aware mask strategies to mitigate emerging variability and defectivity challenges. To address variability, we analyze CD variability with respect to reticle size, and its impact on parametric yield. With a cost model that incorporates mask, wafer, and processing cost considering throughput, yield, and manufacturing volume, we assess various reticle strategies...

Recent advances in crop research have the potential to accelerate genetic gains in wheat, especially if co-ordinated with a breeding perspective. For example, improving photosynthesis by exploiting natural variation in Rubisco's catalytic rate or adopting C(4) metabolism could raise the baseline for yield potential by 50% or more. However, spike fertility must also be improved to permit full ut...

February, 2008 We consider supplier diversification in an EOQ type inventory setting with multiple suppliers under binomial yield and zero leadtimes. We characterize the optimal policy for the model and show that, in this case, it does not pay to diversify and it is better to use a sole supplier. This result constitutes a contrast with the previous ones in the literature assuming various yield ...

The aim of the study was to determine whether an acute loss of consciousness, mental status change or related symptoms correlated with the presence of epileptiform abnormalities on urgent EEG. We analyzed 228 consecutive patients admitted to Emergency Room during the past 12 months and referred for urgent EEG evaluation. All patients had either a brief loss of consciousness or acute brain disor...

Four postemergence herbicides were applied during the harvest season to an established asparagus crop. The spears were harvested every alternate day for 3 weeks after treatment, counted, assessed for quality and production, and analysed in the laboratory for presence of herbicide residues. The suggested use rates of clopyralid and dicamba caused little damage to spears and their residues in the...

This study examines three alternative models of correcting for heteroskedasticity in wheat yield: the time trend variance, the GARCH, and an econometric model that includes the potential sources of heteroskedasticity. Nonnested test results suggest that modeling the sources of heteroskedasticity is the preferred procedure. Including potential sources of heteroskedasticity as explanatory variabl...

Y variability for a given crop differs geographically and depends on soil type and quality, climate, and the use of irrigation. Yield variability is often measured by an indicator known as the “coefficient of variation,” which measures randomness relative to the mean (or average) value in the yield series. Using this measure, variability in corn yields, for example, ranges from about 0.2 to abo...