Proving the equivalence of successive, closely related versions of a program has the potential of being easier in practice than functional verification, although both problems are undecidable. There are three main reasons for this claim: 1) it circumvents the problem of specifying what the program should do, 2) the problem can be naturally decomposed and hence is computationally easier, and 3) ...

Anewmethod that combines radar reflectivities from individualNextGenerationWeatherRadars (NEXRAD) into a three-dimensional composite with high horizontal and vertical resolution is used to estimate storm-top altitudes for the continental United States east of the RockyMountains. Echo-top altitudes are compared with the altitude of the lapse-rate tropopause calculated from the ERA-Interim reanal...

The NE2001 model for the free electron distribution of the Milky Way includes ad hoc electron “clumps” to reconcile line of sight observables with basic model predictions (Cordes et al. 2002). While MAGPIS (Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey) is insensitive to emission from individual diffuse HII regions (ne ∼10 cm), by investigating the 20 cm maps we are able to verify their assumption ...

Information technology today is a complex area, in which new problems and challenges constantly arise and innovations emerge. The ability to incorporate an innovation in time or to solve a problem efficiently can mean competitive advantages for some firms. Being responsive in IT involves being alert, knowledgeable and prepared to face technical problems and to solve them in appropriate ways. In...

We define the notion of a weakly pointed tree, and characterize the amount of genericity necessary to prevent a uniformly branching tree being weakly pointed. We use these ideas to show there is no topological analogue of a measure-theoretic selection theorem of Graf and Mauldin. We consider some topological and recursion-theoretic questions motivated by the following measure-theoretic result o...

This study examines the impact of nation’s legal system on corporate disclosures. However, this study breaks with prior research in two significant ways. First, this study extends prior research by analyzing differences in disclosure practices in Roman-Germanic Law nations of different origins within this legal family. Second, this study focuses on a single disclosure issue rather than general ...

AIMS We observed tobacco pack display and smoking at outdoor venues over three summers to assess changes in their prevalence following Australia's introduction of plain tobacco packaging with larger pictorial health warnings. METHODS Between January and April 2012 (preplain packaging (PP)), 2013 (early post-PP) and 2014 (1 year post-PP), we counted patrons, smokers and tobacco packs at cafés,...

This study examines rates of reporting of new or worse post-traumatic symptoms for patients with a broad range of injury severity at 1 month and 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI), as compared with those whose injury spared the head, and assesses variables related to symptom reporting at 1 year post-injury. Seven hundred thirty two TBI subjects and 120 general trauma comparison (TC) subj...

BACKGROUND objectives of the study were i) to describe changes in depression in independently living people aged 57 or older with fall-related injuries, and ii) to examine the effect of incomplete recovery of physical functions on depression one year post-injury. METHOD prospective cohort-study, including a pre-injury baseline and post-injury assessments at 8 weeks, 5 months and one year. The...

Obtaining standardised post-operative radiographs following total knee arthroplasty is common practice. Little is known regarding how measurements taken from the initial post-operative radiograph correlate to functional outcome. The initial post-operative radiographs for 110 primary total knee arthroplasties were reviewed retrospectively. Femoral and tibial component alignment was measured by t...