Adenine-induced model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widely used model especially in studies testing novel nephroprotective agents. We investigated the effects of adenine-induced CKD in rats on the activities of some xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in liver and kidneys, and on some in vivo indicators of drug metabolism (viz pentobarbitone sleeping time, and plasma concentration of theophy...

Sexual dimorphisms, which are phenotypic differences between males and females, are driven by sexual selection. Interestingly, sexually selected traits show geographical variations within species despite strong directional selective pressures. This paradox has eluded many evolutionary biologists for some time, and several models have been proposed (e.g. 'indicator model' and 'trade-off model')....

Studies on associations of various polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes with different cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are mixed and inconclusive. The current study analyzed the relationship between polymorphisms of phase I xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, cytochromes P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP2D6 and childhood ALL in Kashmir, India. We recruited 200 confirmed ALL...

The capacity of the testis to metabolize xenobiotics has been proposed to play a role in the susceptibility of different species to testicular toxicity. Since species differences in testicular xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities are not well documented, the primary objective of the present study was to compare enzyme activities in subcellular fractions prepared from rat, mouse, monkey, an...

Aromatic amines (AA) are a major class of environmental pollutants that have been shown to have genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials toward most living organisms. Fungi are able to tolerate a diverse range of chemical compounds including certain AA and have long been used as models to understand general biological processes. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying this tolerance may improve our und...

The neonatal period of liver development is an often overlooked phase of development. For instance, ontogeny of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes can markedly affect biotransformation as the liver matures. To systematically examine the ontogenic gene expression patterns of cytochrome P450 genes (P450) in mice, the gene expression profiles of 19 xenobiotic-metabolizing P450 in Cyp1 to 4 families w...