in this paper, the main factors in the analysis of the railway concrete sleepers areinvestigated and new recommendations are made in order to improve the accuracy of the currentpractices in analysis of the railway track system. first, a comprehensive literature survey isconducted, then, fem models for a railway track system are developed and used to discuss andevaluate the assumptions commonly ...

Ballasted tracks are common in the railway system as a means of providing necessary support for sleepers and rails. To keep them operational, tamping other maintenance actions performed based on track geometry measurements. Ballast particle rearrangement, which is caused by train load, one most important factors leading to degradation. As result, when planning maintenance, it vital predict beha...

To enhance the stability of continuous welded rail (CWR) tracks, frictional sleepers have been developed. The are new types with grooves on bottom, and different bottom improve lateral resistances at magnitudes. In this study, single sleeper push test (SSPT) its model discrete element method (DEM) were carried out to confirm how much arrowhead groove (AGF) increases resistance ballasted track. ...

We encountered an unusual case of an intracranial wooden stick penetrating through the frontal bone, without remarkable neurological findings. That foreign body was shown to be a low-density area similar to an intracranial air pocket by a standard computed tomogram. Here we discuss the potential hazards of intracranial wooden foreign bodies and emphasize the necessity for special attention to t...

This paper explores the application of archaeological site formation theory to stranded wooden vessels and the scattered wreck-sites they produce. Shallow water wrecks and wreckage sites in the Au Sable Shores region of western Lake Huron are used to develop a preliminary classification of the processes operating on the breakup and deposition of wooden vessels. 2002 The Nautical Archaeology Soc...

Woodc:n poles are popular structural elements currently used by Manitoba Hydro for distribution lines and transmission towers. In recent years, a considerable number of such poles have failed duc to heavy build-up of ice on the lines. These failures may be attributed to the accuracy or reliability of the design methods and/or to the lack of adequate experimental information to evaluate the crit...

Wooden sticks used to suspend feces obtained for surveillance cultures were found to be the source of Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis causing a pseudo-outbreak among 17 immunocompromised patients cared for in three different wards. Nonsterile wooden products should therefore not be used for collecting, handling, and processing specimens for microbiological examination.

the track stiffness experienced by a train will vary along the track. sometimes the stiffness variation may be very large within a short distance. one example is when an unsupported sleeper is hanging in the rail. track stiffness is then, locally at that sleeper, very low. at insulated joints the bending stiffness of the rail has a discontinuity implying a discontinuity also of the track stiffn...