We present a fault-tolerant routing algorithm which requires no virtual channels for mesh networks. Our method employs the concepts of fault rings and fault chains, which were previously used with virtual channels, to facilitate fault-tolerant routing. Typically, the number of faults that can be tolerated in a mesh without virtual channels is very small, or the number of nonfaulty nodes that mu...

Metastasis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in osteosarcoma (OS) patients. To monitor tumor dissemination, we assessed the circulating tumor burden in OS patients by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR using osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteopontin, and type I collagen (COLL) mRNAs as molecular markers. We distinguished levels of the mRNAs in peripheral blood between OS patients ...

Type IV collagen (Coll IV), a component of the extracellular matrix, stimulates motility in the A2058 human melanoma cell line, a response that is inhibited by pertussis toxin (PT). Fibronectin (FN)-induced chemotaxis in this cell line is not affected by PT. To understand the mechanism of cellular signaling, single cell intracellular Ca2+ responses to Coll IV and FN were studied using Fura-2 an...