Abstract In criminal trials, judges or jurors have to decide whether the facts described in indictment are proven beyond a reasonable doubt. However, these decision-makers cannot always imagine every relevant sequence of events—there may be unconceived alternatives. The possibility alternatives is an overlooked source I argue that should not consider defendant’s guilt if they good reasons belie...

One of the most widespread human behavioral biases is present bias -- tendency to overestimate current costs by a factor. Kleinberg and Oren (2014) introduced an elegant graph-theoretical model inconsistent planning capturing behavior present-biased agent accomplishing set actions. The essential measure system cost irrationality ratio total actions performed optimal cost. This vital for task de...

Theology as a story of doubt and imagination is to be understood against the background interdisciplinary social science in contrast traditional paradigm theology system propositional certainty. The concepts are part parcel narrative research can also linked postfoundational philosophy. relevancy this theological will discussed on basis following: (1) It touch with its own doubt, (2) (tradition...

cell based therapeutics is one of the most rapidly advancing medical fields, bringing together a range of fields including transplantation, tissue engineering and regeneration, biomaterials and stem cell biology. however, traditional cell-based therapeutics have many limitations, one of which is their harmful effects exhibited on healthy body cells due to their lack of specificity. nanomedicine...

For a presented case, a Bayesian network classifier in essence computes a posterior probability distribution over its class variable. Based upon this distribution, the classifier’s classification function returns a single, determinate class value and thereby hides the uncertainty involved. To provide reliable decision support, however, the classifier should be able to convey indecisiveness if t...