The problem of histogram thresholding is tackled using a modular expert network. The modular expert network is a network of expert modules modulated by a gating network. The expert modules incorporate individual experts’ opinions on the thresholding problem. The difficult task of integration of conflicting experts’ opinions is achieved through a training of the gating network using backpropagat...

This paper presents a new model for the task of contrastive opinion summarization (COS) particularly for controversial issues. Traditional COS methods, which mainly rely on sentence similarity measures are not sufficient for a complex controversial issue. We therefore propose an Expert-Guided Contrastive Opinion Summarization (ECOS) model. Compared to previous methods, our model can (1) integra...

Abstract: Categorical variables are common in spatial data analysis. Traditional analytical methods for deriving probabilities of class occurrence, such as kriging-family algorithms, have been hindered by the discrete characteristics of categorical fields. This study introduces the theoretical backgrounds of linear Bayesian updating (LBU) approach for spatial classification through expert syste...

this study was aimed to identify and mange the most stressful risks threatening shadegan international wetland. shadegan international wetland which is located in the southwest of iran is in the montero list and now threatened by several risks. in this study, the most important threatening risks of the wetland were identified. in the characteristics step, the risks were analyzed based on the se...

The representation of the distribution of knowledge guides information gathering, help seeking, and communication. The research aimed to explore adults’ and 4-year-olds’ representation of the distribution of common (conventional and procedural) knowledge and expert knowledge associated with five occupations in their community. In addition, we examined estimates of occupation-related everyday (n...