The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Modelling Task Group was established in 1997 at the 8th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion (Sendai, Japan) with the goal of developing a generalised anaerobic digestion model. The structured model includes multiple steps describing biochemical as well as physicochemical processes. The biochemical steps include disintegration from homogeneous particulates to carboh...

The 007 Benchmark represents a comprehensive test of 00DBMS performance. In this paper we describe the benchmark and present performance results from its implementation in three 00DBMS systems. It is our hope that the 007 Benchmark will provide useful insight for end-users evaluating the performance of 00DBMS systems; we also hope that the research community will find that 007 provides a databa...

In this paper, a systematic, overall view of theories for periodic waves of permanent form, such as Stokes and cnoidal waves, is described first with their validity ranges. To deal with random waves, a method for estimating directional spectra is given. Then, various wave equations are introduced according to the assumptions included in their derivations. The mild-slope equation is derived for ...

In this paper, we review the development of the Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods for non-linear convection-dominated problems. These robust and accurate methods have made their way into the main stream of computational fluid dynamics and are quickly finding use in a wide variety of applications. They combine a special class of Runge–Kutta time discretizations, that allows the m...

BACKGROUND An urgent need exists for new treatments of schizophrenia that are effective against a broad range of symptoms and free of limiting safety issues. ITI-007 is a new molecular entity with a pharmacologic profile that combines dose-related monoamine modulation with phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins. METHODS A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and...

we consider the fundamental relation  on a semihypergroup  to interpret the lower and upper approximations as subsets of the fundamental semigroup  and we give some results in this connection. also, we introduce the notion of a bi-hyperideal to study the relationship between approximations and bi-hyperideals.

On April 20, 1995, Paul Allen Catlin passed away in Detroit, Michigan, at the age of 46, and the community of Graph Theory lost one of its best friends. Paul Catlin was born on June 25, 1948 in Bridgeport, Connecticut. His life-long love for mathematics was visible from the start. His younger brother, David Catlin, remembers Paul riding around on his tricycle counting for the sheer pleasure of ...

We use a rigorous numerical code based on the method of moments to test the accuracy and validity domains of two popular first-order approximations, namely the Kirchhoff and the small-slope approximation (SSA), in the case of two-dimensional rough surfaces. The experiment is performed on two representative types of surfaces: surfaces with Gaussian spectrum, which are the paradigm of single-scal...