Here we consider the p-center problem on different types of fuzzy networks. In particular, we are interested in the networks with interval and triangular fuzzy arc lengths and vertex-weights. A methodology to obtain the best satisfaction level of the decision maker who wishes to reduce the cost within the tolerance limits is proposed. Illustrative examples are provided.

The author wishes to thank Professor Kenneth V. Thimann for reading the manuscript, and for his valuable criticism and suggestions during the progress of the research, which are greatly appreciated. Professor Edward S. Castle's stimulating comments on reading the manuscript are gratefully acknowledged. The author also wishes to thank M\rs. Irmgard Kurland for her help in drawing the illustrations.

This paper presents a semantics of goals that deals with the problem of closeness under believed implications. The paper develops the semantics of wishes, its relation to beliefs, and deene goals in relation to wishes. Also, the semantics of a priority or importance relation among propositions (and goals) is developed. Finally the paper advances in extending this semantics to the multi-agent case.

When one considers systems with orientational order, such as liquid crystals, there are various aspects of the ordering that one wishes to quantify. Two properties of the system that one wishes to identify are its overall director, and the extent to which it exhibits biaxiality. We give an exposition of some standard approaches to these issues suitable for advanced undergraduates or beginning p...

BACKGROUND Decisions on limiting life-sustaining treatment for patients in the vegetative state (VS) are emotionally and morally challenging. In Germany, doctors have to discuss, together with the legal surrogate (often a family member), whether the proposed treatment is in accordance with the patient's will. However, it is unknown whether family members of the patient in the VS actually base t...

Purpose This four-country study (Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain) examines prevalence and types of final transitions between care settings of cancer patients and the extent to which patient/family wishes are cited as a reason for the transition. Methods Data were collected from the EUROSENTI-MELC study over a 2-year period. General practitioners within existing Sentinel Networks reg...

Living with a life-threatening illness is extraordinarily challenging. This challenge intensifies when patients struggle to weigh personal and familial interests when facing difficult medical decisions. When patients are unduly pressured by their families to make medical decisions that are not in line with previously held values, beliefs, or perspectives, autonomy is compromised. A case example...

This paper explores the religious function and meaning of long banner paintings from Cave 17 Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, conjunction with material culture Northwestern China ninth tenth centuries CE. The so-called forty-nine-chi banners have peculiar traits such as extremely lengths, an optional triangular headpiece, a paired or single strip textile on which series standing bodhisattvas are painte...