Stable measures of psychological functioning require a considerable period of abstinence. However, the duration of inpatient detoxification programs has decreased dramatically in most health care systems, posing a novel challenge for clinical evaluation of patients. The present study was carried out to examine whether factors predicting short-term prognosis can be identified in alcohol dependen...

Abstract Objective: Trail-Making Test B (TMT-B) is a measure of attention and processing speed (PS), with sensitivity to executive functioning (EF; Reimers, 2019). The impacts these domains on TMT-B are not well-understood, especially in those Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, who experience deficits EF, PS, (Kramer et al., 2020, Theiling & Petermann, 2016). We examined the contribu...

Severity of opioid dependence, and performance on two successive runs of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), were assessed in 39 right-handed male and female methadone patients who had been randomly assigned to either a recently dosed (n=21) or 24 hr abstinent (n=18) condition. Results indicated that severity of opioid dependence was positively correlated with perseverative responses and er...

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive function in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed for 139 OCD patients and 139 controls, and the radioactivity rate (RAR) was calculated. Cognitive function was assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). RESULTS The RA...

More and more frequently the presence of executive function deficits appears in the research literature in conjunction with disabilities that affect children. Research has been most directed at the extent to which executive function deficits may be implicated in specific disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, deficits in executive function have been found to...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of table tennis training (TTT) versus standard occupational therapy (SOT) on visual perception and executive functions in school-age children with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Children (n=91) were randomly assigned to intervention with either SOT (n=46, 20 females, mean age =...

Objectives: The aim of this research is to compare cognitive flexibility and adjustment between two groups of students with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and typically developing students. Methods: For this purpose, 50 students with DCD and 50 typically developing students were chosen among 12 primary schools. The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q), Adjustm...

Executive functions represent a set of processes in goal-directed cognition that depend on integrated cortical-basal ganglia brain systems and form the basis flexible human behaviour. Several computational models have been proposed for studying cognitive flexibility as key executive function Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) represents an important neuropsychological tool to investigate it. Th...

The specificity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as a marker of frontal lobe pathology remains controversial. One problem is the lack of a well established correspondence between WCST errors and specific cognitive or neural processes. The conventional scoring of non-perseverative WCST errors does not discriminate between errors related to the efficient test of hypotheses during set shi...

Cognitive flexibility hinges on a readiness to direct attention to novel events, and on an ability to change one's mental set to find new solutions for old problems. Human event-related potential (ERP) studies have described a brain 'orienting' response to discrete novel events, marked by a frontally distributed positive potential peaking 300-400 ms post-stimulus (P3a). This brain potential has...