An experimental investigation was carried out to determine heat transfer coefficients for natural convection from a heated horizontal wire. The heating is provided by electrical current, and the temperature of the wire is determined from the measurement of its resistance. The experiments are performed in three different convective environments: air, water, and oil. Prandtl number ranged between...

An efficient and environmental-friendly method, featuring a cyanide-free plating process was established for Au-coated Ag wire (ACA). This new Ag wires can meet the reliability standards of wire bonding. The proposed ACA wire was studied to ensure compatibility with electrical properties; mechanical properties and free air ball characterization. Tensile tests showed that ACAwire was stronger th...

The delay per unit length of on-chip wires, as determined by a diffusive RC-limited response and as measured relative to gate delays, approximately doubles every technology generation as wire resistances per unit length increase and gate delays decrease with scaling. Furthermore, these wire delays (D) grow quadratically with wire length, D ° RwireCwireL. Wire bandwidths, which are inversely pro...

Nail guns are potentially lethal tools that fire nails in rapid succession at high velocity. The nail cartridges are held together with wire, plastic, glue, tape, or paper. When wire is used, the 2 carrier wires (Figure 1) are called the wire collation. As the nail is fired, these 2 wires are sheared off, leaving 2 barblike pieces of wire ( 6 mm) attached to the nail. The 2 pieces are then shea...

A microscopic Ioffe-Pritchard trap is formed using a straight, current-carrying wire, together with suitable auxiliary magnetic fields. By measuring the distribution of cold rubidium atoms held in this trap, we detect a weak magnetic field component ∆B z parallel to the wire. This field is proportional to the current in the wire and is approximately periodic along the wire with period λ = 230 µ...

A noninteracting quantum-dot arrays side coupled to a quantum wire is studied. Transport through the quantum wire is investigated by using a noninteracting Anderson tunneling Hamiltonian. The conductance at zero temperature develops an oscillating band with resonances and antiresonances due to constructive and destructive interference in the ballistic channel, respectively. Moreover, we have fo...

Knotted wire fences are fabricated on specialised machines. The input material is typically galvanised steel wire. However, the quality of the input wire used by the Fence Producer is beyond control of the Machine Manufacturer. The problem is that wire strand breakages have been reported during fabrication and subsequent field erection. This is an issue for the Fence Producer because of the los...

In this paper, we present the condition for the effective wire addition in Look-Up-Table-based (LUT-based) field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits, and an optimization procedure utilizing the effective wire addition. Each wire has different characteristics, such as delay and power dissipation. Therefore, the replacement of one critical wire for the circuit performance with many non-critic...

During the SPS high intensity run 2002 with LHC type beam, the breaking of several of the carbon wires in the wire scanners has been observed in their parking position. The observation of large changes in the wire resistivity and thermionic electron emission clearly indicated strong RF heating that was depending on the bunch length. A subsequent analysis in the laboratory, simulating the beam b...

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary access is performed when standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) techniques fail and for inaccessible papillae [1]. EUS rendezvous requires passage of the guide wire into the duodenum, with subsequent removal of the echoendoscope and insertion of a second endoscope to grasp the distal end of the wire. During echoendoscope withdra...