In the wind farms, fans are widely distribution with large amount and they are away from the monitoring center, working environment is poor. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the wind farms, the wind power operation requirements need to be satisfied, own better function performance and stability of remote monitoring system to improve the management efficiency. In view of this,...

Most studies on the effects of wind energy on animals have focused on avian and bat activity, habitat use, and mortality, whereas very few have been published on terrestrial, non-volant wildlife. In this paper, we studied the utilization of functioning wind farm areas by four terrestrial animals common to agricultural landscapes: European roe deer, European hare, red fox, and the common pheasan...

The visual impact of wind farm layouts has seen little consideration in the literature on the wind farm layout optimisation problem to date. Most existing algorithms focus on optimising layouts for power or the cost of energy alone. In this paper, we consider the geometry of wind farm layouts and whether it is possible to bi-optimise a layout for both energy efficiency and the degree of visual ...

Quantifying the likely effects of offshore wind farms on wildlife is fundamental before permission for development can be granted by any Determining Authority. The effects on marine top predators from displacement from important habitat are key concerns during offshore wind farm construction and operation. In this respect, we present evidence for no significant displacement from a UK offshore w...

This study provides quantitative evidence on the local benefits and costs of wind farm developments in England and Wales, focussing on their visual environmental impacts. In the tradition of studies in environmental, public and urban economics, housing costs are used to reveal local preferences for views of wind farm developments. Estimation is based on quasiexperimental research designs that c...

As part of global efforts to reduce dependence on carbon-based energy sources there has been a rapid increase in the installation of renewable energy devices. The installation and operation of these devices can result in conflicts with wildlife. In the marine environment, mammals may avoid wind farms that are under construction or operating. Such avoidance may lead to more time spent travelling...

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Planning of modifications of existing wind farms by adding or replacing turbines makes new demands on wind farm modelling. Emphasis shifts from the calculation of the mean efficiency of the farm to that of individual turbines. Additionally, modelling has to deal with different turbine types and hub heights combined in one farm. Full scale measurements at two wind farms in Northern Germany provi...

The evaluation of complex system structures has to address the question “Can the model give a true and correct view of the real situation?” The model has to be investigated with regard to functionality, completeness, correctness, reliability and usability. The offshore wind farm in maintenance status is an example for complex system structures. Furthermore the offshore wind farm is not organise...

The paper deals with the wind farm layout optimization problem (WFLOP). The objective of the wind farm layout optimization problem is to determine the optimal placement of wind turbines within the farm. In this approach, the expected power production is maximized, taking into account eventually different other supplementary technological and functional restrictions. Because the wake effects lea...