The lactococcal plasmid pTR2030 encodes resistance to bacteriophage attack via two mechanisms, an abortive-infection mechanism, designated Hsp, and a restriction and modification system. We present the complete sequence of the hsp structural gene. The gene is 1,887 base pairs in length and encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 73.8 kilodaltons. The upstream region was cloned in a...

Monoclonal antibodies were used to monitor the accumulation of the major capsid protein of the lactococcal small isometric bacteriophage u136 (P335 species) over the course of a one-step growth curve. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was then used to distinguish two abortive phage resistance mechanisms, Hsp and Prf. Capsid protein production of u136 was almost totally inhibited by t...

Makala hii imechunguza suala la propaganda kama mkakati wa kuhimili hejemonia katika riwaya teule za Kiswahili. Mtafiti amejadili namna inatumiwa kudumisha na kuimarisha utawala viongozi mintarafu ya teule. Ili kutimiza lengo lake, mtafiti amehakiki nne: Msimu Vipepeo, Dharau Ini, Msururu Usaliti Majilio Mkombozi. Nadharia inayoweka wazi mabwanyenye juu raia kueleza udumishaji uwezo mamlaka wat...

TFIIB-like general transcription factors are required for transcription initiation by all eukaryotic and archaeal RNA polymerases (RNAPs). TFIIB facilitates both recruitment and post-recruitment steps of initiation; in particular, TFIIB stimulates abortive initiation. X-ray crystallography of TFIIB-RNAP II complexes shows that the TFIIB linker region penetrates the RNAP active center, yet the i...

Ribosome stalling on mRNAs can decrease protein expression. To decipher ribosome kinetics at stall sites, we induced ribosome stalling at specific codons by starving the bacterium Escherichia coli for the cognate amino acid. We measured protein synthesis rates from a reporter library of over 100 variants that encoded systematic perturbations of translation initiation rate, the number of stall s...

An Escherichia coli-Shigella flexneri hybrid strain which produces an abortive, nonfatal experimental dysentery has inherited relaxed control of ribonucleic acid synthesis from its E. coli parent. This property, coupled with a partial methionine requirement, has been used to explain its long lag phase in vitro, relative to its Shigella parent. It was suggested that such characteristics may cont...

Wenyu Zhou, Michael Choi, Daciana Margineantu, Lilyana Margaretha, Jennifer Hesson, Christopher Cavanaugh, C Anthony Blau, Marshall S Horwitz, David Hockenbery*, Carol Ware* and Hannele Ruohola-Baker* H Ruohola-Baker Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Biochemistry, Universi...