Background & Aim: Nowdays consumers prefer to eat healthier foods, therefore producers and researchers are involved to improve the variety, quality, taste of food products. Lemon balm is a perennial, aromatic, herb that contains many phenolic compounds. In this research the effect of additing lemon balm powder (by reducing of wheat flour in formulation, instead) on qualities of sponge cakes wer...

The quality of many goods and services may change randomly between the time of shipment and delivery, creating disputes over quality that can result in lemons-market equilibria. We investigate the potential of third-party inspections for such inefficiencies. We consider two types of inspection, ex post verification of quality in consignment contracts and ex ante certification in FOB contracts, ...

Consider rolling a die with k sides, labeled a1, a2, ..., and ak, respectively. Let P(aj) be the ‘probability’ that a particular side aj appears after rolling the die. Before attempting to calculate P(aj), it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the word ‘probability’. In other words, we must specify what the number P(aj) quantifies. In statistics, the concept of ‘probability’ is formally int...

In many fisheries, some component of the catch is usually released. Quantifying the effects of capture and release on fish survival is critical for determining which practices are sustainable, particularly for threatened species. Using a standardized fishing technique, we studied sublethal (blood physiology and reflex impairment assessment) and lethal (post-release mortality with satellite tags...

this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dried lemon pulp in corn- soybean meal diets on egg production, egg traits and as well as blood metabolites of laying hens. throughout the experiment, 144 hi- line (w36) laying hens from 65 to 76 weeks of age were assigned to 4 treatments of 3 replicates each, with 12 hens per replicate. a completely randomized design ...

repellet effect of extracts and essential oils of citrus limon (l.) burm.f., (lemon) and melissa officinalis, (balm) were evaluated against anopheles stephensi in laboratory on animal and human and compared with synthetic repellent, n,ndiethyl- 3-methylbenzamide (deet) as a standard. results of statistical analysis revealed significant differences between oils and extracts (p< 0.05) against the...

In epidemiological studies, the intake of foods rich in dietary fiber is associated with a reduced risk of developing overweight and type 2 diabetes. This work aims to identify acute strategies to regulate appetite and improve glucose control by using different pasta meals. Hence, 4 different isocaloric lunch meals, consisting of (i) refined-grain pasta (RG+T), (ii) whole-grain pasta (WG+T), (i...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dried lemon pulp (DLP) on performance of broilers and laying hens. In first experiment, 240 of broilers (Ross-308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates (with 20 birds in each replicate) from 1 to 42 days. The amounts of DLP in diets were 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percentage. In the se...

The aim of present study is investigating effect of treated lemon pulp by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on protein and energy metabolism in goats was fed with this product. In this experiment 8 goats from raini breed were used for 21 days period; 16 days for adaptation and 5 days for sampling, to investigate the effect of processing lemon pulp by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeas...

The present experiment was carried out to determine the digestion kinetics of carbohydrate fractions of citrus by-products. Grapefruit pulp (GP), lemon pulp (LE), lime pulp (LI) and orange pulp (OP) were the test feed. Digestion kinetic of whole citrus by-products and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fraction and acid detergent fiber (ADF) fractions of citrus by-products were measured using the <e...