background hamstring muscles play an important role in functional activities and relaxation and most people around the world suffer from the shortened muscles. different methods of repairing were suggested and there were disagreements with regard to determination of one technique with high efficiency. objectives this study aimed to introduce more effective method, either a static stretch or hol...

Proprioception is considered important for maintaining spinal stability and for controlling posture and movement in the low back. Previous studies demonstrate the presence of thixotropic properties in lumbar muscle spindles, wherein a vertebra's positional history alters spindle responsiveness to position and movement. This study investigated whether a vertebra's movement history affects the ve...

The article aims to discuss why and how the triple bottom line (TBL) approach can be adapted manage sustainability performance in social enterprises thus assist entrepreneurs, who hold central position process of enterprise development. A system model based on design models such as "Design Results" "Cogniscope" was produced through synthesis multiple conceptual approaches following a systematic...

purpose: the initiation of anti-bullying movements in schoolsdates back to nearly three decades ago in some countries. despite the importance of such a movement and its grave implications foreducation systems, no particular program or action has been organized in our country. materials and method: the present study presents a cross-sectional descriptive survey to assess the attitudes of primary...