The extent and nature of the use of medicinal drugs by drivers who had undergone a blood test on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol was ascertained by analysing some 40,000 case records in which the suspect had been questioned about the use of drugs. No chemical analyses were performed. 9.7% of the road users indicated that they used drugs in combination with alcohol, and more ...

AIM In February 2000, a trial started with Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in certain parts of Sweden (phase I), and in July 2001, Saturday opening was extended to the whole country (phase II). The aim of this study is to assess the impact of phase II, and to probe previous results regarding phase I. DESIGN Prior to February 2000, all alcohol monopoly outlets were closed on Saturdays...

BACKGROUND Alcohol-impaired driving is a major public health problem. National studies indicate that about 25% of college students have driven while intoxicated in the past month and an even greater percentage drive after drinking any alcohol and/or ride with an intoxicated driver. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the change in these various alcohol-related traffic risk behavior...

In this paper, we propose LOCL, a loop coding layer which sits between IP and traditional MAC. Traditional network coding schemes mainly focus on reducing transmissions, while loop coding exploits network coding to reduce link loss rate. We analyze the performance of traditional network coding schemes and loop coding based on a rather general traffic pattern. We find that loop coding is more ap...

The restructuring of the Chinese electricity sector in 2002 reshaped the market structure by vertically unbundling the dominant integrated firm and started the process of wholesale price liberalization. We estimate factor demands to study whether these reforms boosted productivity in the generation segment of the industry. Controlling explicitly for price-heterogeneity across firms and unobserv...

Visual cues were identified and procedures were developed to enhance on-the-road detection of driving while intoxicated (DWI) by police patrol officers. Related research was reviewed; police officers with demonstrated effectiveness in DWI detection were interviewed; DWI arrest reports were analyzed; and a study was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and relative discriminability...

Alcohol availability has been linked to drunk driving, but research has not examined whether this relationship is the same for first-time and repeat offenses. We examined the relationship between the business hours of alcohol outlets licensed to serve alcohol for on-premises consumption and misdemeanor-level (first offense) and felony-level drunk driving (repeat offense) charges in New York Sta...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of administrative sanctions introduced as part of a new law for drinking drivers in British Columbia, Canada. The new law, known as immediate roadside prohibitions (IRP), aimed to increase the efficiency of police and courts for processing drinking drivers, thereby increasing the certainty of their being apprehended and punished. Ho...

In [4], nests were classified up to similarity simply in terms of order type and dimension. However the proof given there and exposited in [6] appears to rely on first classifying the compact perturbations of the nest algebras. This, in turn, required reliance on some difficult results on derivations of C*-algebras and in particular on the theorem of Johnson and Parrott [7]. However a careful e...

The rate of disability is increase day by day all over the world .There are various type of Disabilities but the deaf persons are on second number among all types of disabilities.. In most of the countries disabled persons are supposed to be social liability on their family and in the society as awhile. Now days in developing countries it is difficult for normal persons to get suitable jobs. Wh...