Medical systems in general, and patient treatment decisions outcomes particular, can be affected by bias based on gender other demographic elements. As language models are increasingly applied to medicine, there is a growing interest building algorithmic fairness into processes impacting care. Much of the work addressing this question has focused biases encoded models—statistical estimates rela...

At the present time, operating hybrid air-conditioning systems that use solar energy to saving electrical while improving performance has become necessary protect environment, reduce pollution and emissions caused by using fuels gases. In Iraq, temperatures reach half boiling point at summer, therefore demand for air conditioning increases, consume more than of average electricity production wh...

Governmental systems are one of the significant topics of constitutional law literature and comprehensive studies have been carried out on this issue. The answer to the question whether a parliamentary system, a presidential system or a mixed system is the most suitable system of government can change according to the political preferences of the countries. Since countries search for the best s...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the impact of Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in Sweden. METHOD An experimental design was applied. Prior to February 2000, all alcohol monopoly outlets we closed on Saturdays. After this date, stores in an experimental area (six counties) were open on Saturdays. In the control area (seven counties) the shops remained closed. To pre...