Great Britain's 1983 "Christmas Crusade" against drunken drivers, during which the police of England and Wales administered an average of 1350 breath tests daily, is discussed. Although not deliberately planned and organized, the campaign, fueled by press reports, was perceived by many observes to be a national organized deterrent effort. To test the hypothesis that the crusade reduced drunken ...

(d) Suppose list1 contains N1 elements and list2 contains N2 elements. The first while loop is executed O(N1) times. The body of this loop takes O(N1) since GetNextItem takes O(1) and InsertItem takes O(N1). So, the complexity of the first loop is O(N1N1). The second while loop is executed O(N2) times. The body of that loop takes O(N1+N2) time since GetNextItem takes O(1), RetrieveItem takes O(...

Adolescence is often described as a period of heightened risk-taking. Adolescents are notorious for impulsivity, emotional volatility, and risky behaviors such as drinking and driving under the influence of alcohol. By contrast, we found that risk-taking declines linearly from childhood to adulthood when individuals make choices over monetary gambles. Further, with age we found increases in the...

n this paper we study the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of Cauchyequation in Felbin's type fuzzy normed linear spaces. As a resultwe give an example of a fuzzy normed linear space such that thefuzzy version of the stability problem remains true, while it failsto be correct in classical analysis. This shows how the category offuzzy normed linear spaces differs from the classical normed linearspac...

Estimation of temporal fuzzy sets that model dynamic processes is discussed. It has been found that although poles of attraction can be estimated fairly well with different fuzzy partitioning algorithms, membership function estimates may fail in accurately describing dynamic changes within the observed signals. Two types of fuzzy partitioning algorithms are compared: fuzzy c-means (FCM) and fuz...

For the development of the field of fuzzy control systems, techniques for modeling fuzzy systems need to be developed, which makes analysis of the system and the design of control laws systematic. In this paper, a new model of fuzzy systems is proposed which is a variation of "Tagaki and Sugeno's fuzzy model". Analysis of this model in terms of stability, controllability, observability etc. is ...

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is very popular method in the field of decision-making today. While one of the most natural extensions of AHP using fuzzy theory is to employ a reciprocal matrix with fuzzy-valued entries, some of the present authors proposed the fuzzy constraint-based approach before. In this paper, we consider about weights for fuzzy constraint-based approach and propose a kin...

The paper presents a model that demonstrates the usage of fuzzy logic on an embedded microcontroller. Fuzzy logic is a new and innovative technology being used to enhance control engineering solutions. It allows complex system design directly from system’s control human experience, thus quickly rendering efficient solutions. This paper discusses the design of car's fuzzy control system, as well...

Rule Based Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (RBFCM) are proposed as an evolution of Fuzzy Causal Maps (FCM) that allow a more complete representation of cognition, since relations other than monotonic causality are made possible. Their structure is based on traditional fuzzy systems with feedback. The main problem to solve while trying to implement a RBFCM is the causal relation itself, since traditional f...