In this paper, we present the environment CPV (Cryptographic Protocol Veri er), a tool-set for the speci cation and analysis of cryptographic protocols. The CPV environment is based on the LSFM method that has been recently advanced as a formal, automatic and implicit veri cation method for security protocols. We recall brie y the essence of this method and present the architecture of the CPV e...

Until is a notoriously difficult temporal operator as it is both existential and universal at the same time: AUB holds at the current time instant w iff either B holds at w or there exists a time instant w in the future at which B holds and such that A holds in all the time instants between the current one and w. This “ambivalent” nature poses a significant challenge when attempting to give ded...

Background. The skiing was first used in the history of mankind for transportation and hunting in the Altay Mountains, where harsh and long winter conditions exist. The use of skiing continued in many cultures and eventually turned into a sport where not the Winter Olympic Games serve as a venue for the competition. Objectives. This review aims to outline the phases of skiing and highlight how...

We investigate some of the connections between continued fractions and continued logarithms. We study the binary continued logarithms as introduced by Bill Gosper and explore two generalizations of the continued logarithm to base b. We show convergence for them using equivalent forms of their corresponding continued fractions. Through numerical experimentation we discover that, for one such for...

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It is shown that the feasibly constructive arithmetic theory IPV does not prove (double negation of) LMIN(NP), unless the polynomial hierarchy CPV-provably collapses. It is proved that PV plus (double negation of) LMIN(NP) intuitionistically proves PIND(coNP). It is observed that PV+ PIND(NP∪coNP) does not intuitionistically prove NPB, a scheme which states that the extended Frege systems are n...

Data indicate that ∆I=3/2 transitions account for 4.5–4.7% of both CP conserving and CP violating K→2π decays, as well as CP conserving radiative K→ππγ processes. Observed K→ππγ/ππ branching ratios are shown to scale near α/π or α/2π. The KLKS mixing angle φ and the semileptonic weak-rate asymmetry δ are reviewed, and theory is shown to be consistent with data. Also, K→2π ∆I=1/2 dominance is st...

Until the early 19th century, psychiatry and religion were closely connected. Religious institutions were responsible for the care of the mentally ill. A major change occurred when Charcot1 and his pupil Freud2 associated religion with hysteria and neurosis. This created a divide between religion and mental health care, which has continued until recently. Psychiatry has a long tradition of dism...