Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy is a powerful probe of surface electronic and geometric structure in metals, semiconductors, and thin films. Because these techniques generally require ultrahigh vacuum, corresponding studies of volatile liquid surfaces have hitherto been precluded. We describe the design and implementation of an x-ray experiment based on the use of liquid microjets, permittin...

In the current study we investigate the two-stage iterative method for solving linear systems. Our new results shows which splitting generates convergence fast in iterative methods. Finally, we solve the Poisson-Block tridiagonal matrix from Poisson's equation which arises in mechanical engineering and theoretical physics. Numerical computations are presented based on a particular linear system...

In the last few years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become a very important branch of science technology. 10-9 stands for nano particles size less than 100 nm are said to be nanomaterial. Nanoscience connects chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, engineering sciences others. Nanomaterials synthesized in number ways, but conventional methods costly, time consuming pollute environment. Ho...

astigmatism’s defect has not yet been formulated in physics and medical physics books theoretically. in this paper, we are trying to formulate the astigmatism’s defect. the results of formulation show that “the degree of astigmatism is negative reverse the distance that vision’s condition of astigmatism’s chart lines change conditions in dimness angle from dimness condition at infinite distance...

Although a huge number of studies enhancing pro-environmental behavior (PEB), the environmental quality is still in poor condition. Enhancing PEB needs to consider some aspects, such as value and location. Pre-service physics teachers have role shaping students’ because issues are part high school curriculum. This study aimed investigate link between location, values (biospheric, altruistic, eg...

Examining the reverse evolution of the universe from the present, long before reaching Planck density dynamics one expects major modifications from the de-coherent thermal equations of state, suggesting a prior phase that has macroscopic coherence properties. The assumption that the phase transition occurs during the radiation dominated epoch, and that zero-point motions drive the fluctuations ...