Background: Although numerous observational studies have investigated the association between gender and risk of congenital hypothyroidism, the role of gender as a risk factor for congenital hypothyroidism remains unknown.Thismeta-analysis was conducted to summarize the epidemiologic evidence of the effect of gender on the congenital hypothyroidism occurrence, and also to identify the sex ratio...

This article reviews evolutionary biological studies of sex-biased post-natal parental investment that may be relevant to the issue of preconception gender selection. The focus is on tests of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, which predicts that natural selection has favoured parents that bias investment in favour of the sex with the best reproductive prospects. Because resource abundance and sca...

In arthritis patients, diagnosis can be delayed further because symptoms of the underlying disease might mimic complaints caused by the fracture. In this report, we present two JIA patients with stress fractures. A 10-yr-old girl with polyarticular JIA and a 14-yr-old boy with systemic onset of JIA presented with complaints of pain, the boy in the left extremity and the girl in both lower extre...

Can we say that s knows whether A or B when s is only able to rule out A, but remains uncertain about B? We discuss a set of examples put forward by J. Schaffer’s in favour of a contextualist answer to this problem. We present a context-sensitive and dynamic semantics for knowledge attributions, in which those can depend on the alternatives raised by the embedded question, but also on alternati...

Marketing and advertising messages are often designed to persuade influence the consumers into purchasing products or services usually based on market segmentation target consumers. This may vary but most common type of is demographic information such as gender. In toy advertisements, children markets. Research shows that advertisements involve gender stereotypes. Therefore, this paper aims exp...

Problem 1. [20 points] You are organizing a neighborhood census and instruct your census takers to knock on doors and note the sex of any child that answers the knock. Assume that there are two children in a household, that children are equally likely to be girls and boys, and that girls and boys are equally likely to open the door. A sample space for this experiment has outcomes that are tripl...