In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the preparation condition of polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) microporous membrane by thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) method. A mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) was used as diluent. The effect of polymer composition and qu...

The equilibrium crystal shape of Bi-saturated Cu at 1223 K has been studied, after quenching the material to room temperature, by a scanning electron microscopy investigation of the shapes of pores (or negative crystals) that are present on grain boundary fracture surfaces. Bi-saturation of Cu surfaces at 1223 K results in dramatic changes in the ECS compared to pure Cu. Whereas all possible su...

CeO(2) has been identified as an efficient catalyst for HCl oxidation in the temperature range of 623-723 K provided that the oxygen content in the feed mixture was sufficiently high to avoid bulk chlorination and thus deactivation. Here we characterise ceria in its fresh and post-reaction states by adsorption of CO(2), NH(3) and CO. Micro-calorimetry, FTIR and TPD experiments are complemented ...

The ever-growing demand for higher RF gradients has considerably increased the risk of breakdown in accelerating structures. Field emission is the most common form of RF breakdown that generates free electrons capable of inflicting irreversible damages on the RF surface. This paper presents a simulation study to understand the effects of defects on local fields and behaviour of field emitted el...

The vibrational temperatures of product CO(2) were measured in CO oxidation on Pd(111) as a function of the desorption angle by means of infrared chemiluminescence. The antisymmetric vibration temperature was separately determined from the other vibrational modes from the normalized chemiluminescence intensity. The product CO(2) desorption is sharply collimated along the surface normal. The ant...

We have designed and built an optical system to collect light that is generated in the tunneling region of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. The optical system consists of an in situ lens placed approximately 1.5 cm from the tunneling region and an ex situ optical lens system to analyze the emitted light, for instance, by directing the light into a spectrometer. As a demonstratio...

observed Changes Surface Globally, as well as in the tropics, the temperature of the air near the Earth’s surface has increased since 1958, with a greater rate of increase since 1979. All three surface temperature data sets are consistent in these conclusions. • Globally, temperature increased at a rate of about 0.12oC per decade since 1958, and about 0.16oC per decade since 1979. • In the trop...