Among the remains of ancient Iranian art, rock reliefs are of particular importance. Anubanini reliefs as the oldest and Bistoon’s as one of the most important examples of these works, besides having a similar subject, which have other symbolic and visual similarities has led many scholars to regard Bistoon reliefs as an imitation of Anubanini reliefs. Despite the importance and similarities of...

The architectural works that remained from the long history of Iran are indeed treasures of Iranian architecture. However, these works are not perfect manifestations of the architecture which had been realized in Iran during centuries. Most of what we have inherited from this architecture are monuments. Such majestic works can hardly lead us to the major part of the architecture, which is popul...

heteropoly acids (hpa) and their salts have advantages as catalysts which make them both economically and environmentally attractive, strong br?nsted acidity, exhibiting fast reversible multi-electron redox transformations under rather mild conditions, very high solubility in polar solvents, fairly high thermal stability in the solid states, and efficient oxidizing ability, so that they are imp...

One of the major challenges in the field of architec­ture is the reading and critiquing individual works re­gardless of relevant textual layers that may affect the formation of the work. The main concern of the pre­sent research is the great importance of criticism to the architectural community. Unfortunately however, the lack of systematic readings of architectural works has led to the absenc...