Using climate scenarios from only 1 or a small number of global models (GCMs) in change impact studies may lead to biased assessment due large uncertainty projections. Ensemble means projections derived multi-GCM ensemble are often used as best estimates reduce bias. However, it is time consuming run process-based (e.g. hydrological and crop models) using numerous scenarios. It would be interes...

The Drosophila segment polarity gene wingless (wg) is required in the regulation of engrailed (en) expression and the determination of cell fates in neighboring cells. This paracrine wg activity also regulates transcription of wg itself, through a positive feedback loop including en activity. In addition, wg has a second, more direct autoregulatory requirement that is distinct from the en-depen...

This preliminary document is an evolution of the scope document that was distributed before and discussed at the 1st joint meeting of the three CPSoS Working Groups (WG) in Düsseldorf on Jan. 31, 2014. It contains elements that were put forward by the WG members in the meeting , results of interviews with experts in the application fields, and some clarifications on issues that were discussed d...

Wnt signaling pathways are important for multiple biological processes during development and disease. Wnt proteins are secreted factors that activate target-gene expression in both a short- and long-range manner. Currently, little is known about how Wnts are released from cells and which factors facilitate their secretion. Here, we identify a conserved multipass transmembrane protein, Evenness...

Non-lethal stress treatments (X-radiation or heat shock) administered to Drosophila imaginal discs induce massive apoptosis, which may eliminate more that 50% of the cells. Yet the discs are able to recover to form final structures of normal size and pattern. Thus, the surviving cells have to undergo additional proliferation to compensate for the cell loss. The finding that apoptotic cells ecto...

Drosophila Wingless (Wg) is a secreted signaling protein of the Wnt family. Mutations in the wg gene disrupt the patterning of embryonic segments and their adult derivatives. Wg protein has been shown in cell culture to functionally interact with DFz2, a receptor that is structurally related to the tissue polarity protein Frizzled (Fz). However, it has not been determined if DFz2 functions in t...

Abstract This study focuses on stability of weak grid connected voltage source converter (WG‐VSC) in Low‐frequency mode (LFM) (around 1–10 Hz), which is dominated by interactions among phase‐locked loop (PLL), outer control and condition. In order to clearly reveal LFM mechanism WG‐VSC, a simple but effective PLL‐equivalent model has been proposed. First, generic small signal consisted PLL ‘out...

Epidemiological studies have repeatedly found that whole-grain (WG) cereal foods reduce the risk of several lifestyle-related diseases, though consistent clinical outcomes and mechanisms are elusive. To compare the effects of a WG-rich diet with a matched refined-grain (RG) diet on plasma biomarkers and bowel health parameters, seventeen healthy subjects (eleven females and six males) completed...

OBJECTIVE To assess circulating immunoregulatory cytokines and soluble surface markers of T and B cell activation in the plasma of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) during active and inactive disease, in order to establish their value in discriminating between disease entities and as markers of disease activity. METHOD...